断层破裂过程对减隔震桥梁地震反应的影响

为了研究断层破裂过程对减隔震桥梁地震反应的影响,提出利用相位特性模拟方向性效应的改进随机格林函数法. 以1994年美国北岭地震的断层条件为例,通过与实际地震记录对比验证模拟方法的有效性;应用改进的随机格林函数法模拟相同震中距离的4组地震动时程作为输入条件,比较断层破裂过程对相同震中距离、不同方位的减隔震桥梁地震反应影响. 结果表明,利用持时包络曲线与相位差分分布的相似性可以方便模拟随机格林函数的地震动加速度时程;在相同震中距离条件下,断层破裂方向的观测点地震动以及对应位置的桥梁结构地震反应明显大于非破裂方向位置的观测点;当破裂方向上地震动时程不具有脉冲特性时,断层周围的减隔震桥梁地震反应主要受地震动强度的影响,桥梁方位的影响不明显.     

木质素液化研究进展

介绍了木质素的液化、液化产物的改良的方法及其研究进展,对将来研究发展方向以及目前面临的一些问题作了简要的叙述。     

Removal of mineral material from solvent-refined coal by solvent extractions

Solvent refined coal (SRC), a coal extract which is highly polyaromatic in character and relatively high in N, O and S content, is derived from the direct liquefaction of coal. SRC contains mineral matter in the form of soluble organometallic compounds which can not be removed by filtration. These soluble species can be detrimental to the hydrocracking catalyst used in the upgrading of the SRC to high-value liquid fuels. These species, however, can be separated from the SRC by extraction with benzene or tetralin as solvents so that the mineral matter is mainly concentrated in the solvent-insoluble fraction, the other fraction are then readily hydrocracked, as demonstrated in this work.     

Comparison of coal hydroliquefaction catalysed by ZnCl2-MCln (CuCl,CrCl3 and MoCl5) and ZnCl2 melts

Hydrogenation of four bituminous coals impregnated with 5 wt% of either mixtures of ZnCl₂-MCl_n (CuCl, CrCl₃ and MoCl₅) systems or ZnCl₂ was carried out using a batch autoclave system at 400° for 3 h at 9.8 MPa of initial hydrogen pressure. The ZnCl₂-MoCl₅ system showed the highest yield of the hexane-soluble (HS) fraction compared with the other systems irrespective of the coal used. The difference between the yields of HS fractions using the ZnCl₂-MoCl₅ and other systems was most marked for coals of fairly low volatile matter content, though the conversion was relatively low (47–66%), whilst for coals of high volatile matter content HS yields with the binary melt systems were high (86–91% conversion). Elemental analyses of the HS fractions indicated that the ZnCl₂-MoCl₅ system is most favourable in decreasing the average molecular weight and the heteroatom content of HS, this characteristic trend being confirmed also with five HS fractions separated by Chromatographic techniques. Both elemental analyses and molecular weights of asphaltene (benzene-soluble materials, BS) indicated that the ZnCl₂-MoCl₅ system is also most effective in cracking coal structure.     

煤液化技术研究现状及其发展趋势

能源安全和环境保护是我国21世纪应引起高度重视的问题,煤炭既是能源的主要提供者,也是大气污染的主要污染源,其高效洁净利用不容忽视,煤炭液化技术是解决此矛盾的有效途径之一。对煤液化的发展历程、开发和应用现状以及发展趋势和产业化前景进行了概括,详细介绍了煤直接液化、间接液化和煤与废塑料共液化技术的特性、影响因素及其关键问题,并提出了煤液化技术在我国今后发展的一些看法和建议。     

Chemistry of hydrogen sulphide under coal liquefaction conditions: 1. Modelling hydrogen transfer catalysis

The work reported here represents initial attempts to develop a complete kinetic and mechanistic understanding of the reaction chemistry of H₂S under coal liquefaction conditions, using both model systems and coal. Hydrogen sulphide was found to promote/catalyse the transfer of hydrogen from tetralin to 2-hydroxyquinoline (2-HOQ). The presence of H₂S can increase the rate of hydrogen transfer from tetralin to 2-HOQ by a factor of 10 compared with the same reaction run in the absence of H₂S. The energy of activation for hydrogen transfer was found to decrease by ≈5 kcal mol⁻¹ in the presence of H₂S. The presence of H₂S was also found to promote loss of oxygen from 2-HOQ to form small amounts of quinoline. No evidence of CC or CN bond cleavage in 2-HOQ was noted under any of the reaction conditions studied. These results suggest that the presence of H₂S reduces the temperatures necessary to promote effective hydrogen transfer from tetralin by 50–75 °C. Moreover, they imply that similar effects occur in H₂S-promoted coal liquefaction.     

Coal liquefaction by in-situ hydrogen generation.: 2. Zinc-water model compound reactions

Model compound studies were carried out to elucidate the reaction mechanisms taking place during the liquefaction of coal with the hydrogen produced from the reaction of zinc and water. In compounds of the type Ph-(CH₂)_n-Ph the splitting of the aliphatic bridge was easier with higher n values. Ether type compounds such as diphenylether were unreactive although the C-O bond in dibenzylether was easily cleaved. Condensed ring aromatic compounds gave low conversion with hydrogenation being facilitated by an increase in ring number. Phenolic compounds such as phenol did not react well, but the reactivity increased with increase in aromatic ring size. The cleavage of the aliphatic bridge was accelerated by the OH group, for example, in the case of 4-hydroxydiphenylmethane bond scission was about 15 times higher than that of diphenylmethane. Heterocyclic compounds were unreactive.     

Qt在EQT格式地震日志转换中的应用

主要讨论了基于Qt的地震日志格式转换软件的设计及其实现方法。     

规模储氢技术及其研究进展

介绍了几种常用的储氢技术如高压压缩储氢技术、吸氢物质强化压缩储氢技术、液化储氢技术和金属氢化物储氢技术的研究进展,并对规模储氢技术的发展前景进行了预测和展望,指出规模储氢技术目前急待解决的问题是提高储氢密度、储氢安全性和降低储氢成本。     

煤炭间接液化技术及其在中国的产业化前景

介绍了国内外煤炭间接液化技术的研究开发和应用，对在中国建设煤炭间接液化示范厂的技术经济进行了简要分析，指出在我国实现煤炭间接液化工业化生产，必须根据市场需求，因煤因地制宜，把提高经济效益放在首位。