基于灰色关联分析的故障模式危害性决策方法

 通过考虑产品设计者的设计意图及偏好,计算了各危害性故障模式对危害性理想故障模式的灰关联度,依此对各故障模式危害性进行了排序,克服了传统风险优先数法当RPN值相等或相近时各故障模式危害程度难以比较以及各个风险优先数因子无相对权重的问题.最后以某产品的工艺FMECA分析为例,进行了验证.     

Critical Behavior in the Low-Energy Spin Fluctuations in High-Tc Superconductors

We study the spin fluctuations of pure and Zn-substituted La_{2 – x} Sr _x CuO₄ using the muon spin relaxation technique. Superconductivity is found to coexist with low-frequency spin fluctuations over a large region of the superconducting phase diagram. The characteristic temperature of spin fluctuations detected by SR decreases with increasing x and vanishes above a critical doping x _c 0.19. This value of x _c coincides with the doping at which the normal state pseudogap extrapolates to zero. These results are discussed in terms of a quantum transition that separates the superconducting phase diagram of high-temperature superconductors into two distinct ground states.     

New insights on multi-state component criticality and importance

In this paper, new importance measures for multi-state systems with multi-state components are introduced and evaluated. These new measures complement and enhance current work done in the area of multi-state reliability. In general, importance measures are used to evaluate and rank the criticality of component or component states with respect to system reliability. The focus of the study is to provide intuitive and clear importance measures that can be used to enhance system reliability from two perspectives: (1) how a specific component affects multi-state system reliability and (2) how a particular component state or set of states affects multi-state system reliability. The first measure unsatisfied demand index, provides insight regarding a component or component state contribution to unsatisfied demand. The second measure multi-state failure frequency index, elaborates on an approach that quantifies the contribution of a particular component or component state to system failure. Finally, the multi-state redundancy importance identifies where to allocate component redundancy as to improve system reliability. The findings of this study indicate that both perspectives can be used to complement each other and as an effective tool to assess component criticality. Examples illustrate and compare the proposed measures with previous multi-state importance measures.     

Project network-oriented materials management policy for complex projects: a Fuzzy Set Theoretic approach

This work devises a materials management policy integrated with project network characteristics of complex projects. It proposes a relative quantitative measure, overall criticality (OC), for prioritisation of items based on penalty incurred due to their non-availability. In complex projects, practicing managers find it difficult to measure OC of items because of the subjective factors and intractable nature of penalties involved. However, using their experience, they can linguistically identify the antecedents and relate them to consequent OC. This work adopts Fuzzy Set Theory to capture managerial tacit knowledge which provides them enough flexibility to provide information in real form. Computed OC values can be used for items prioritisation and as shortage cost coefficient in inventory models. The revised materials management policy was applied to a shipbuilding project. OC values were analysed to justify the importance of incorporating project network characteristics and potential cost savings were calculated.     

Criticality and Environmental Uncertainty in Step-Level Public Goods Dilemmas.

The author examined a public goods (PG) dilemma with environmental uncertainty in a sequential protocol of play paradigm. Using a 5-person game, Experiment 1 examined provision point (PP) uncertainty and found that a certain PP requiring 3 contributors produced the PG more frequently than an uncertain PP of the same expectation that varied uniformly among 2, 3, and 4 contributors. Fixing PP at 3, Experiment 2 showed that PG provision rate was higher with a certain group size of 5 persons than an uncertain group size of the same expectation that varied uniformly among 4, 5. and 6 persons. Further analyses showed that a fear of wasting one's contribution and pessimistic beliefs of environmental uncertainty could have undermined contribution. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

塔里木油田氮气钻井内防喷器组的可靠性分析

综合应用故障模式影响及危害度分析（FMECA）与故障树分析(FTA)对氮气钻井内防喷器组进行可靠性分析。首先对氮气钻井内防喷器组进行系统级和设备级的故障模式影响及危害度分析,找出各个设备的常见故障模式,提出对应的改进措施,并定量计算出故障模式的危害度和系统内各个内防喷工具的危害度,为故障树分析确定顶事件。故障树分析,求出导致氮气钻井内防喷器组主要故障的所有底事件和最小割集,进而确定底事件的结构重要度的大小和底事件的组合方式对系统故障的影响力,对结构重要度大的底事件和底事件的组合方式对系统故障的影响力高的故障形式优先采取改进措施,并对薄弱零部件进行可靠度计算,更有针对性地对薄弱零部件进行设计改进和故障监测。鉴于对氮气钻井内防喷器组的可靠性研究,得出箭型止回阀锥面密封故障、翻板浮阀的复位弹簧失效、投入式止回阀的投球被压溃、旁通阀的扣断裂和旋塞阀的旋球被“抱死”是导致系统失效的主要故障模式,分析5种故障模式的所有可能的原因并提出了相应的改进方案。     

岩石破坏过程的自组织特征与临界条件研究

岩石破坏过程具有自组织临界特征。为了研究这种临界问题,提出了一种利用自组织程度参数α刻画单元之间的应力转移和局部单元上的应力集中的方法,并以单元的破坏强度服从二次Weibull分布为基础,运用重整化群理论建立了计算力学模型,推导了岩石破坏的临界破坏概率pc。结果表明,当单元的破坏概率p小于临界破坏概率pc时,单元的破坏是独立的和随机的,系统向稳定态演化;当单元的破坏概率p大于临界破坏概率pc时,单元的破坏向宏观贯通的张裂面这一吸引域集中,张裂面是自组织临界性的一个动力学吸引子;临界破坏概率pc以及单元承受外载F的能力均与初始条件有关,pc和F/F0随自组织程度参数α增大而减小,且F/F0<1,表明由于应力的转移使得单元破坏应力降低。     

Numerical Solutions to Critical Problem of Reflected Cylindrical Reactor

The multi-region critical problem can be transformed into an eigenvalue problem in the classical sense by using the method of Kuscer & Corngold and of Wing. This transformation is applied to derive a variational formulation for a reflected reactor.

An approximate critical value of the multiplying factor is determined by maximizing the Rayleigh quotient for radially and totally reflected cylindrical reactors. It is shown that this approximate critical value is an upper bound of the true critical value.

From the facts that the operator is self-adjoint and the eigenfunction is positive, an expression is derived for the upper and lower bounds of the true eigenvalue, by making use of the approximate distribution. The difference of the upper and lower bounds is an uncertainty of the presumption of the true critical value. It is found that we can compute the bounds to any required precision.

The narrow bounds are calculated for two radially and one totally reflected cylindrical reactors.     

Preliminary Study on Future Society in Nuclear Quasi-Equilibrium

From the finiteness of the earth's natural resources, it is expected that our society will ultimately be in a nuclear quasi-equilibrium state, where each produced active nuclide density becomes constant.

In this paper some results from a preliminary study of the future society in nuclear quasi-equilibrium will be presented. The heavy nuclide densities and criticality were studied for four reference fission reactors, where actinoids are not discharged from the reactor but incinerated. They appeared to depend strongly on neutron spectrum in the reactor.     

催化裂化烟气能量回收机组失效模式和危害度分析

深入分析了催化裂化烟气能量回收机组操作工艺失常状态的影响因素,建立了失效模式、效应和危害度模型;运用现场企业故障调查的实际数据,采用模糊评定方法,对能量回收机组工艺失常状态进行了定量分析;建立了危险顺序数RPN接受准则,将机组的各种失效模式进行风险排序,确定了影响能量回收机组长周期运行的关键因素及失效机理,为催化裂化装置安全可靠运行提供理论指导。