小型自然循环钠冷堆堆芯初步设计研究

提出了一种适用于分布式发电系统的小型自然循环钠冷堆AMTEC系统。通过对堆芯的临界计算和热工水力分析,研究了堆芯燃料装载量不变情况下,芯块半径、燃料棒长度和圈数对堆芯有效增殖因数k_eff、堆芯压降和传热的影响。同时分析了不同额外停堆裕量下,B₄C吸收层厚度和堆芯初始剩余反应性随燃料棒圈数的变化关系。计算结果表明：保持堆芯当量直径和冷却剂通道总截面积不变的情况下,减少燃料棒圈数和活性区长度不仅可增加k_eff,且能降低堆芯压降;为提高额外停堆裕量需增加吸收层厚度,但降低了堆芯初始剩余反应性,不利于电厂的经济性。     

反应堆物理启动提棒外推临界修正方法

反应堆物理启动提棒外推临界时,外推临界曲线常出现外凸现象。若按此曲线外推,将导致超临界。本文分析了出现这种现象的原因,引入一种外推临界修正方法,并进行了实例计算。与实际反应堆物理启动参数进行的比较表明：此方法较好地改善了曲线外凸现象,按修正后的曲线进行临界外推,可降低反应堆启动期间出现超临界现象的风险。     

运输容器临界安全评价要点剖析

易裂变物质的运输是堆外操作易裂变物质的主要活动之一,特别是随着越来越多核电厂、研究堆的投建或退役,新、乏燃料的运输临界安全问题备受关注。在对易裂变物质的运输进行临界安全评价时应遵循相关的法规要求,如GB 11806-2004《放射性物质安全运输规程》,这是我国易裂变材料运输要满足的强制性要求和准则。针对该标准制定的各项规定和要求,结合设计和评审中的工程实际经验,以1个新燃料运输容器的设计分析为例,探讨了易裂变物质运输时核临界安全评价的技术要求,为易裂变材料货包的设计、安全评审提供参考和建议。     

最小核临界事故源项分析

文章提出最小核临界事故源项的分析模型,并给出了相关计算方法,利用MCNP程序计算了不同易裂变材料以及不同物料状态下,发生最小核临界事故时的总裂变次数和中子伽马吸收剂量比等源项参数。通过与已发表文献和已有相关数据进行对比,结果符合良好。     

基于复杂网络理论的电网脆弱性研究述评

基于复杂网络理论对电网脆弱性进行研究.介绍复杂网络的基本概念和发展历程,阐述其自组织临界特性与电力系统灾变事故的关联性,分析连锁故障模型;在总结网架结构模型和故障指标模型的基础上,讨论复杂网络理论在电力系统网络特征分析、连锁故障模拟及结构脆弱性中的应用;最后探讨该领域的发展趋势,建议把传统分析与复杂网络相结合,建立更符...     

Towards a conceptual model of motorcyclists’ Risk Awareness: A comparative study of riding experience effect on hazard detection and situational criticality assessment

This research investigates risk awareness abilities among different populations of motorcyclists. Risk awareness is defined here as an extension of the Situational Awareness theory applied to critical driving situations. This study is more particularly focused on two main cognitive abilities supporting risk awareness: hazard detection, corresponding to riders’ skill to perceive critical event occurring in the road environment and to identify it as a threat, and situational criticality assessment, corresponding to a subjective assessment of the accident risk. From this theoretical framework, the aim is to compare motorcyclists’ performances in risk awareness according to their experience in motorcycling. Four populations of motorcyclists are investigated: Professional (Policemen), Experienced riders, Novices, and Beginners. Method implemented is based of a set of 25 video sequences of driving situations presenting a risk of collision. Participants’ task was firstly to stop the video film if they detect a hazard. Then, at the end of each sequence, they have also to assess the criticality of the driving situation as a whole, with a Likert scale (from 0 to 100% of criticality). Results obtained show that cognitive abilities in both (i) hazard detection and (ii) situational criticality assessment depend of the riding experience, and are learnt from two different timing. On one side, Professional and Experienced riders obtained better results than Novices and Beginners for hazard perception (i.e. shortest reaction time). In terms of situational criticality assessment, Beginners underestimate the situational risk and seem overconfident in their abilities to manage the situational risk, against Novices, Professional and Experienced riders, who have better competences in criticality assessment. From these empirical results, a conceptual model of motorcyclists’ Risk Awareness is proposed.     

Quantum Nonlinear Sigma Model with a Damping Term; Finite Temperature Renormalization Group Analysis

We study the behavior of the finite temperature quantum nonlinear sigma model in two dimensions in the presence of the damping of the formf (|θ _n |) = γ|ω _n |^α, whereα satisfiesα ≥ 1. The analytical calculations will be performed usingα=2 and the results will be compared with the standard results obtained for the standard quantum nonlinear sigma model. The behavior of such a system is connected with the pseudogap which appears in the normal state of the cuprate superconductors.     

Presto—A System Environment for Mission-Critical Multimedia Applications

Summarized in this report is a multiphased R and D program, presto, conducted for developing a multimedia system environment to support a variety of mission-critical applications. The concepts, software design, and system prototype developed during the first phase of the program are presented. In particular, the work on real-time scheduling, multimedia storage and retrieval, and application programming model is described. The major results of the presto Phase I program are a set of new techniques and system software for QoS- and criticality-based, adaptive multiresource management, raw-I/O-based continuous multimedia file management, and data flow-oriented programming with integrated real-time scheduling support.