微生物与矿物建筑材料的相互作用(英文)

综合介绍了比利时根特大学Magnel实验室与其他合作单位关于微生物与建筑材料(混凝土和石材)之间相互作用的研究概况。第一个研究课题是生物硫酸腐蚀,主要研究混凝土下水道系统和储肥设施的侵蚀。整个过程可用纯化学或微生物侵蚀实验来模拟。利用化学硫酸实验来模拟侵蚀过程的缺点是忽视了混凝土本身的杀菌效果。微生物实验结果表明使用具有高度中和能力的材料可限制生物腐蚀的发生。因此,生物硫酸侵蚀模型中不但需要考虑耐久性(如孔隙率),也需要把混凝土碱性列为参数之一。第二个研究课题是细菌在胶结固化和混凝土自修复中的应用。细菌诱导产生的碳酸钙用于水泥基材料和石灰石的表面防护。研究表明:沉积在表面的生物碳酸钙可有效降低混凝土吸水率、碳化和氯离子侵蚀;还能提高混凝土抗冻融性能。多孔石灰石表面固化深度可达到30mm甚至更多,固结区的强度可增加300%。与此同时,微生物碳酸钙也被应用于混凝土裂缝自修复。细菌先被固载于硅藻土或微胶囊内,然后加入到混凝土中与其一起搅拌。结果显示:加有硅藻土固载的细菌的砂浆试块上0.15~0.17mm宽的裂缝可在40d内被细菌诱导产生的碳酸钙完全修复;而加有微胶囊固载的细菌的试块上1mm宽的裂缝可以在3周内自修复完毕。微生物在混凝土中的另一个应用是创造绿色生态混凝土墙壁。这种混凝土墙壁经过特殊设计获得特定的微观结构和生物兼容性,从而可充当生物生长的基体。为了适于生物生长,使用低pH值的磷酸镁水泥混凝土和碳化水泥混凝土,并对其他影响生物兼容性的因素如混凝土孔隙率、表面粗糙度等进行了优化研究。     

胚胎型在线自修复FIR滤波器研究

胚胎电子阵列是受多细胞生物体自修复机制启发,具有在线自修复能力的新型电路。在介绍胚胎电子阵列基本原理的基础上,根据FIR(finite impulse response)滤波器的结构特征,提出一种适用于FIR滤波器的胚胎电子阵列细胞结构,并基于该细胞结构设计了具有快速在线自修复能力的胚胎型FIR滤波器。最后通过实例验证了其滤波功能与在线自修复能力。     

智能配电网技术在油田智慧矿区建设中的应用

油田矿区智能配电网改造建设是智慧矿区建设的重要组成部分,智能配电网的自愈控制系统是保证矿区配电网实现智能化运行的重要环节,对智能配电网技术的应用及在智慧矿区建设中的基础作用、系统接入方式、数据共享方式和信息互动方式做了较为深入的研究和方案设计。智慧矿区是数字城市与物联网相结合的产物,通过智能计算和感知测控技术的应用,使矿区配电系统与矿区管理、居民服务、公用事业和公众安全等矿区业务所组成的关键基础设施组件和服务相互联,使其更加高效和智能。     

风沙区超大工作面开采土地损伤的演变与自修复特征

为揭示超大工作面开采过程中土地损伤的演变规律,以神东矿区的部分典型工作面为研究对象,建立了土地生态环境观测方法,发现地表移动变形、地裂缝以及土壤物理性质等关键要素具有一定的修复能力:① 与传统开采方式对比,超大工作面快速开采条件下,地表的移动变形和下沉总量没有变化,地表的下沉速度明显增大,地表受采动影响的时间缩短50%左右,相对均匀沉陷区的面积一次性达到78%,有效地促进了采后地形向采前状态的自修复;② 地裂缝存在明显的“分区”特性,动态地裂缝扩展程度较弱并快速闭合,发育周期与采矿地质条件有函数关系;边缘地裂缝以“O”型圈分布于开采边界,裂缝角呈近似垂直角,分布范围明显减小,也表现出较强的自修复能力;③ 土壤物理性质的变化与地表移动变形以及地裂缝的分区特征基本吻合,均匀沉陷区的土壤物理性质在采动1 a后趋于采前水平,而非均匀沉陷区由于边缘地裂缝的存在,暂无自然修复现象,需要辅助人工治理。     

Synthesis of Lignin-based Non-isocyanate Poly(imine-hydroxyurethane)s Networks. Part II: Self-healing, Reprocessing, and Degradation

This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the polymeric properties of lignin-based non-isocyanate poly(imine-hydroxyurethane)s (LNIPUs). The properties of the LNIPUs are affected by changes in the stoichiometric feed ratios of the bis(6-membered cyclic carbonate) (BCC) and levulinate enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (LEHL). The results showed that the LNIPUs exhibited a short relaxation time and excellent thermal repair and degradation properties. With a change in the LEHL content in the LNIPUs to 45.53%, a relaxation time of only 9 s was achieved, and the thermal repair rate of the scratches reached 93%. Furthermore, the tensile strength of the LNIPUs decreased with an increase in the LEHL content after two hot-pressing processes, while a higher than 75% tensile strength was maintained after the second hot-pressing treatment. The LNIPUs exhibited thermoresponsive shape memory property with deformation and shape fixing at 80℃. In addition, the as-synthesized LNIPUs were soluble in ethylene glycol in the absence of any organic solvents. This work demonstrates the synthesis of LNIPUs with self-healing, reprocessing, shape memory, and degradation properties.     

西山通信系统SDH自愈环网的设计与实现

介绍了SDH自愈环网的特点及常用的环网保护机制,并结合西山煤电集团公司通信专网传输网络建设、维护等实例,重点对双纤单向通道保护进行了探讨,论述了对于不同SDH网络的应用及如何选择合适的网络保护方式。     

基于多智能体混合调度的电网自愈系统

随着智能电网、信息技术和新能源技术的飞速发展,能源互联网的概念已经提出,“源-网-荷-储”4个环节的互动协调的趋势已经显现.能源互联网本质上是安全攸关系统,特别在电网故障发生时,需要执行大量的具有先后关系和截止期限的动作序列进行恢复.因此,能源互联网中实现电网自愈的体系架构在多智能体的基础上,提出了一种基于多智能体的混合实时调度模型和求解方法,在电网自愈过程中加入了故障链和安全树,并增加了截止期约束条件,确保电网能及时得出修复故障安全的操作序列,减少后继可能发生的故障.最后,通过仿真结果验证了智能电网自愈多智能体混合实时调度模型及其求解算法可有效地增加故障结点安全操作处理的成功率（平均17.74%）并减少故障链式后续触发率（平均7.72%）,有助于增强智能电网乃至能源互联网的快速自愈和减少后继安全故障的发生.     

Non-Covalent Interaction on the Self-Healing of Mechanical Properties in Supramolecular Polymers

Supramolecular polymers are widely utilized and applied in self-assembly or self-healing materials, which can be repaired when damaged. Normally, the healing process is classified into two types, including extrinsic and intrinsic self-healable materials. Therefore, the aim of this work is to review the intrinsic self-healing strategy based on supramolecular interaction or non-covalent interaction and molecular recognition to obtain the improvement of mechanical properties. In this review, we introduce the main background of non-covalent interaction, which consists of the metal–ligand coordination, hydrogen bonding, π–π interaction, electrostatic interaction, dipole–dipole interaction, and host–guest interactions, respectively. From the perspective of mechanical properties, these interactions act as transient crosslinking points to both prevent and repair the broken polymer chains. For material utilization in terms of self-healing products, this knowledge can be applied and developed to increase the lifetime of the products, causing rapid healing and reducing accidents and maintenance costs. Therefore, the self-healing materials using supramolecular polymers or non-covalent interaction provides a novel strategy to enhance the mechanical properties of materials causing the extended cycling lifetime of products before replacement with a new one.     

基于预约的证书撤销通知方案

分析Ad Hoc网络中证书撤销通知方案的优缺点,提出一种基于预约的证书撤销通知方案。当节点的证书状态发生变化时能主动及时地把证书的最新状态通知给预约该证书状态的所有节点,通过单向哈希链实现预约及证书状态通知消息的认证,同时利用自恢复区域方法传播预约及证书状态通知消息,并运用Jini技术实现该方案。实验结果表明,该方案是有效的。     

One-pot preparation and applications of self-healing,self-adhesive PAA-PDMS elastomers

A new family of transparent, biocompatible, self-adhesive, and self-healing elastomer has been developed by a convenient and efficient one-pot reaction between poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-OH). The condensation reaction between PAA and PDMS-OH has been confirmed by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra. The prepared PAA-PDMS elastomers possess robust mechanical strength and strong adhesiveness to human skin, and they have fast self-healing ability at room temperature (in ~10 s with the efficiency of 98%). Specifically, strain sensors were fabricated by assembling PAA-PDMS as packaging layers and polyetherimide-reduced graphene oxide (PEI-rGO) as strain-sensing layers. The PAA-PDMS/PEI-rGO sensors are stably and reliably responsive to slight physical deformations, and they can be attached onto skin directly to monitor the body’s motions. Meanwhile, strain sensors can self-heal quickly and completely, and they can be reused for the motion detecting after shallowly scratching the surface. This work provides new opportunities to manufacture high performance self-adhesive and self-healing materials.