酸雾抑制方法的研究与进展

由于酸雾对生产工人的健康、大气环境和生产设备等均有严重损害,如何有效抑制酸雾一直是困扰着冶金、金属制品加工等行业的难题。作者按物理法和化学法分类介绍了目前国内外酸雾抑制方法的现状以及研究进展,并着重分析了小球覆盖法及泡沫覆盖法的使用现状。通过综合各个抑雾方法,阐明了现有的抑制酸雾技术的不足,并对一种新型低密度、无渗透性的高分子微球在酸雾抑制领域的应用前景进行了展望。     

硅气凝胶/空心玻璃微珠保温涂料的研制

硅气凝胶具有纤细纳米网络结构,是迄今为止导热系数最低的固体材料。本研究从传热学机理出发,以硅气凝胶、空心玻璃微珠为功能填料,辅以无机高分子基料、填料和助剂,经特殊工艺制得了保温涂料,对涂料的性能进行了检测,并对硅气凝胶保温涂料的保温机理进行了分析,该涂料将在建筑、输送管道、窑炉、异型件等方面有广阔的应用前景。     

Bi2WO6花瓣状微球的无助剂合成及其光催化性能

以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和Na2WO4·2H2O为原料,采用无助剂水热法合成了Bi2WO6花瓣状微球,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)、N2吸附-脱附等温线等方法对Bi2WO6微球形貌与结构进行表征,以罗丹明B(RhB)为降解模型,考察了水热反应温度、水热反应时间和前驱体溶液pH值对Bi2WO6微球光催化性能的影响。结果表明:前驱体溶液pH值对Bi2WO6微球的光催化性能影响最大。前驱体溶液为酸性时,有利于花瓣状Bi2WO6微球的生成;前驱体溶液为碱性时,有杂质相Bi3.84W0.16O6.24生成。在适宜的水热反应条件(前驱体溶液pH值0.5,反应温度150℃,反应时间24 h)下,合成的斜方晶型Bi2WO6微球具有花瓣状形貌,微球直径为0.5~3.0μm,表面平均孔径为18.9 nm,比表面积为27.9 m2/g,氙灯(150 W)光照75 min,对20 mg/L的RhB脱色率可达100%,说明花瓣状Bi2WO6微球具有优良的可见光催化活性。     

阿司匹林载药淀粉微球吸附热力学和释药动力学的研究

以可溶性淀粉为原料,研究了淀粉微球在反相悬浮体系中不同温度下对阿司匹林的吸附行为,并考察其体外释放情况.结果表明：在实验条件范围内淀粉微球对阿司匹林的吸附量随着阿司匹林浓度的增加而增加.浓度相同时,温度越低,淀粉微球的吸附量也越大.吸附行为更符合Langmuir吸附模型,吸附为自发不可逆过程.总熵变是负值,焓变是主要的吸附驱动力.体外释放结果表明,阿司匹林淀粉微球聚合物在酸性介质中的释放行为更符合Higuchi方程,阿司匹林载药淀粉微球具有缓释作用.     

磁性壳聚糖的改性研究及其在废水处理中的应用进展

磁性壳聚糖微球具有成本低、无毒、易降解及易回收等特点,广泛应用于多个领域。本文在介绍磁性壳聚糖微球的基本特点及水处理机理的基础上,重点介绍磁性壳聚糖的改性研究现状及其在水处理领域的应用进展,并对未来的磁性壳聚糖改性研究给出了建议。     

纤维素微球的研究进展

纤维素微球作为一种天然高分子微球材料,其基质纤维素丰富价廉、可再生降解并具有良好的生物相容性,是材料科学和高分子科学的重要分支。纤维素微球的制备方法主要包括乳化一固化法、喷雾干燥法和凝聚法等,制备过程一般分为溶解、成球和固化三个阶段;纤维素微球可修饰性强,可用作色谱固定相、吸附剂和生物亲和载体等,在环境科学、分离工程和生物医学等领域有重要应用。纤维素微球因其独特的尺寸形态和可控精细结构,将在交叉学科和高端领域有越来越深入的研究和应用。     

Synthesis and characterization of modified chitosan microspheres: Effect of the grafting ratio on the controlled release of nifedipine through microspheres

The grafting of acrylamide onto a chitosan backbone was carried out at three acrylamide concentrations (polymer/monomer ratio = 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3). The synthesis of the grafted polymer was achieved by K₂S₂O₈‐induced free‐radical polymerization. Microspheres of polyacrylamide‐g‐chitosan crosslinked with glutaraldehyde were prepared to encapsulate nifedipine (NFD), a calcium channel blocker and an antihypertensive drug. The microspheres of polyacrylamide‐g‐chitosan were produced by a water‐in‐oil emulsion technique with three different concentrations of glutaraldehyde as the crosslinking agent. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to characterize the grafted copolymers, and the microspheres were prepared from them. FTIR and DSC were also used to analyze the extent of crosslinking. The microspheres were characterized by the particle size; the water transport into these microspheres, as well as the equilibrium water uptake, were studied. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the spherical nature of the particles, which had a mean particle size of 450 μm. Individual particle dynamic swelling experiments suggested that with an increase in crosslinking, the transport became case II. The release of NFD depended on the crosslinking of the network and on the amount of drug loading. Calculating the drug diffusion coefficients with the initial time and later time approximation method further supported this. The drug release in all 27 formulations followed case II transport, and this suggested that the time dependence of the NFD release followed zero‐order kinetics. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2940–2949, 2003     

氟脲嘧啶白蛋白缓释微球的制备及体外性质的研究

目的:探讨以牛血清白蛋白为载体的氟脲嘧啶白蛋白微球的最佳制备方法及有关体外性质。方法:使用均匀设计法筛选制备氟脲嘧啶白蛋白微球(FU-BM)。以七个因素十二个水平,优化出最佳工艺。并对FU-BM体外性质进行研究。结果:制得FU-BM外观呈米黄色,粉末状,球形圆整,粒径分布在1~10μm。载药量为(11.37±0.42)%,包封率(62.58±3.24)%。结论:氟脲嘧啶白蛋白微球具有缓释作用。     

Preparation of DNA-encapsulated polyethersulfone hollow microspheres for organic compounds and heavy metal ions removal

DNA-encapsulated polyethersulfone (PES) hollow microspheres are fabricated by means of a liquid-liquid phase separation technique; the hollow microspheres are then used to remove environmental pollutant organic compounds and heavy metal ions. The amounts of DNA encapsulated in the microspheres are dependent on the PES concentration, the DNA concentration used to prepare the particles, and the diameter of the syringe needle. The hollow microspheres can be used to remove harmful organic compounds including ethidium bromide (EB), acridine orange (AO) and endocrine disruptors. With the increase of the DNA amount encapsulated into the hollow microspheres, the removal ratios of these compounds increased. Additionally, the DNA-encapsulated PES hollow microspheres can selectively accumulate and remove heavy metal ions such as Ag⁺, Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ These results suggested that the DNA-encapsulated PES hollow microspheres have a potential to be used in environmental applications.     

Poly(vinyl acetate)/Silver Nanocomposite Microspheres Prepared by Suspension Polymerization at Low Temperature

Summary: High molecular weight (HMW) poly(vinyl acetate)/silver nanocomposite microspheres (PVAc/Ag), which are promising precursors of embolic materials with radiopacity, were prepared via a suspension polymerization approach in the presence of silver nanoparticles. It was found that a high yield and high molecular weight PVAc/Ag could be concurrently obtained even using a low‐temperature initiator 2,2′‐azobis(2,4‐dimethylvaleronitrile) (≈30 °C). In the case of presence of silver nanoparticles, the rate of polymerization was slightly slower than that without Ag. The suspension polymerization approach introduced could produce PVAc/Ag composite with conversion and viscosity‐average molecular weight ( ) up to 95% and 1 300 000, respectively, in spite of the low polymerization temperature (≈30 °C), in sharp contrast with an only ≈30% conversion of VAc under bulk polymerization. Morphology studies revealed that except normal suspension microspheres with a smooth surface, a golf ball‐like appearance of the microspheres was observed, due to the migration and aggregating of the hydrophilic Ag nanoparticles at the sublayer beneath the microsphere's surface.