一种自学习阴影检测方法

提出一种实时学习的阴影检测方法,该方法无须用户提供监控场景信息或设定任何阈值,而是根据统计的技巧来自我学习该场景的阴影特性,进而达到阴影检测的目的。仿真结果表明,该方法可有效地实现阴影检测,并具有较强的自适应性和实时性。     

Formulations for an inventory routing problem

In this paper, we present and compare formulations for the inventory routing problem (IRP) where the demand of customers has to be served, over a discrete time horizon, by capacitated vehicles starting and ending their routes at a depot. The objective of the IRP is the minimization of the sum of inventory and transportation costs. The formulations include known and new mathematical programming formulations. Valid inequalities are also presented. The formulations are tested on a large set of benchmark instances. One of the most significant conclusions is that the formulations that use vehicle‐indexed variables are superior to the more compact, aggregate formulations.     

基于粗糙熵加权密度的电网调控系统异常检测

针对调控系统运行过程中出现的异常状态,提出基于粗糙熵加权密度的智能电网调控系统运行异常数据 检测方法。采用粗糙集对电网调控系统运行数据进行分析和推理;利用隶属度的割关系方法,将复杂的不确定关系 转化为布尔数据并排序;基于对象加权密度对智能电网调控系统运行中出现的异常数据进行检测,实现对调控系统 各种功能异常状态数据准确识别。采用真实电网调控系统数据对所提方法进行验证,结果表明：该方法与传统异常 状态识别方法相比,具有更高准确率和更低漏判率。     

降水防砂复合材料的研究与应用

针对大港油田疏松砂岩区块含水上升快、出砂加剧,常规防砂工艺技术无法解决既防砂又能有效降水的问题,研制出了一种自身可固结的颗粒型降水防砂复合材料（粒径0.3～0.5,0.5～0.7和0.7～1.4 mm）。采用正交试验进行了材料配方优选,并对优选出的材料进行了固化温度和固化时间对人工岩心固结强度和渗流能力的影响评价、耐酸碱介质性能评价和岩心稳定性评价。结果表明:该系列降水防砂复合材料适用于井温30～80 ℃的油井,人工岩心抗压强度大于3 MPa,液相渗透率0.3～0.8 μm2（根据粒径可以调节）。该降水防砂复合材料在大港油田成功实施了16井次,防砂施工成功率100%,防砂有效率93.8%,平均降水率达14.7%,取得了较好的降水防砂效果。      

61m高砖砌烟囱定向控制爆破拆除

根据烟囱周围环境和自身结构特点,通过选择合适的切口形式、设计合理的爆破参数及采取适当的预处理和安全技术措施,获得了良好的爆破效果。采用照相及摄像技术对烟囱的倒塌过程进行了观测,对结果进行分析后获得了其倒塌过程的规律:烟囱起爆后6000 ms内,相对高度下降很慢,占初始相对高度的4.39%;在6000ms以后,烟囱倒塌倾角迅速加大,总体上呈现边下坐边倒塌且先慢后快的特点。     

Three-phase unbalance of distribution systems: Complementary analysis and experimental case study

Three-phase unbalance is a familiar issue for power system researchers and engineers. This can introduce additional power losses in distribution network in steady states due to both negative and zero sequence components. It could also limit the loading capability of distribution transformers, well below their nominal ratings. There are many voltage and current unbalance definitions (e.g., IEEE and NEMA) for three-phase three-wire systems, assuming zero sequence currents to be of negligible practical value, for they cannot flow in three-wire systems. However, the zero sequence unbalance has significant current magnitude in three-phase with four-wire distribution networks, particularly in developing countries. Hence, this paper concentrates on the distribution unbalance, completing the available definitions in order to maintain tangible relationships between the level of unbalance and the cited consequences in distribution networks. Furthermore, practical works were performed on 11 selected 20 kV/0.4 kV substations within Tehran North-West Distribution System (TNWDS), where data loggers have been installed for 7 days to measure and record operating conditions of substations. Then, detailed analysis and assessment are suggested on empirical data to substantiate the presented complementary definitions and relationships.     

Selection of minimal tripping times for distance protection using fault trees with time dependencies

Correct coordination between protection relays is an essential requirement to maintain stability and integrity of electrical power systems. Time settings of protection relays have to be adapted to time characteristics of electrical power systems and time settings of other protections. In the paper, fault trees with time dependencies (FTTD) are used for selecting time delay settings of remote back-up distance protections. In FTTD, events and gates are characterized by time parameters, which are derived from time characteristics of protection devices and the inherent delays of protection equipment. Two case studies are presented. First, the coordination of protections for the simple transmission line composed of two identical sections is studied. Next, the transmission line that contains two sections of different lengths and transformer between them is analyzed. In both cases, formulae for time delays of protections are derived. According to calculations executed for the first case, our method gives time delays that often are significantly smaller than values suggested by generally recommended and accepted rules.     

无刷直流电机驱动用IGBT逆变器能耗分析

为了预测电机系统的性能和提高设计的可靠性.根据无刷直流电机(BLDCM)的PWM调制原理和IGBT的损耗机理.采用损耗分离法提出了BLDCM驱动用IGBT逆变器的功耗计算模型.逆变器的通态损耗是与IGBT正向通态压降、电机电流和开关占空比有关的函数,而其开关损耗足开关器件的肝关时间、电机电流、逆变器的供电电压以及调制频率的函数.对提出的损耗模型进行了仿真计算和实验验证,仿真计算结果与实验结果具有较好的一致性.     

Electric distribution network reconfiguration based on a fuzzy multi-criteria decision making algorithm

Topological reconfiguration is an important tool for the planning and operation of electric power distribution systems. The amount of time that an algorithm spends to obtain an alternative topological status for the system is not a primary concern, as the main goals of distribution operation planning are the reduction of power losses, the enhancement of the voltage profile, and the increase of reliability levels. The utility can use multiple criteria regarding the observation of regulation policies and public awareness to drive the topological reconfiguration. Several researchers are looking for new optimization methods, as the complexity of this combinatorial issue is high in large systems and the classic optimization methods are failing to address the problem reasonably. Therefore, a new fuzzy multi-criteria decision making algorithm for the proper processing of the information sources available at the utilities in the context of distribution network reconfiguration is proposed. The algorithm is evaluated through the use of a proof-of-concept implementation in a set of case studies based on actual distribution systems.     

中深孔台阶爆破开挖大型基础坑的方法

高层建筑在岩层中开挖大而深的基础坑，以往是采用深孔爆破。为了加快工程施工速度与降低工程费用需用新方法，为此将采矿技术中深孔台阶爆破应用于基础开挖。文中阐述了应用这种方法的具体技术及适用条件，并提出了爆破槽的概念。