混响噪声下声源定位与跟踪的多特征自适应IMM粒子滤波算法EI北大核心CSCD

针对混响噪声下声源定位精度低和鲁棒性弱等问题,提出了多特征自适应IMM粒子滤波算法.该算法以麦克风接收信号的多特征作为观测信息,采用空时相关和迭代滤波建立了时延选择机制和波束输出能量优化机制,并在两者的基础上构建了似然函数以获得合理的声源位置信息.考虑到说话人运动的随机性,给出了自适应IMM算法,通过在线粒子集生成并将不同过程方差的模型进行交互来拟合说话人的不同运动模式,改善了说话人跟踪系统的稳健性.仿真和实测结果表明,所提算法利用了多特征定位信息的互补性,降低了观测误差不确定性对声源位置估计的影响,增强了随机运动声源跟踪系统的鲁棒性,提高了系统的定位精度.     

基于傅里叶级数解析热扩散角的功率模块热阻抗物理模型

绝缘栅双极型晶体管功率模块失效主要由温度因素诱发。为提高功率模块可靠性,RC热阻抗模型被提出用于实时预测芯片结温。随着功率密度的提高,模块横向扩散愈发明显,多芯片热耦合效应愈加突出,导致传统RC模型会引入较大误差。文中针对RC模型精准度不足进行改进,揭示热扩散角取决于热流密度的物理内涵,结合多层封装结构下的傅里叶级数解析热流模型,建立一维RC热网络与三维热流物理场的本质联系,构造计及多芯片热路耦合的扩散角热网络,较为准确地描述多芯片结温动态特性,揭示热扩散与热耦合效应对芯片温度场形成的规律。与其他传统热扩散角模型相比,所提出方法的结温计算结果准确度最高。最后以型号SEMi X603GB12E4p模块为例,针对提出的物理模型进行验证,仿真与实验结果均表明,该模型能够表征不同工况条件下功率模块的热过程,验证了所提建模方法的有效性与准确性,误差小于4%,且验证了所提模型较不计及热耦合模型精度提高了16.72%。     

基于IGBT选型的整流器、逆变器损耗计算新方法研究

随着“双碳”概念深入人心,为满足企业对于节能减排、绿色发展的要求,以1 140 V/75 kW变频调速系统为研究对象,提出一种新颖的整流器和逆变器IGBT计算损耗方法,用于IGBT的选择和电力电子散热装置的设计。在实现过程中,考虑栅极驱动电阻和直流母线电压对损耗的影响,给出IGBT的导通损耗、总开关损耗、效率和结温的分析方法。基于IGBT损耗与结温的相互作用,得出IGBT结温曲线。并对IGBT进行了选择校核,仿真及实验验证了所提方案的正确性。     

一种宽带注入锁定三倍频器

文章提出了一种宽带注入锁定三倍频器。在传统注入方式基础上,倍频器采用了推-推差分对输入信号进行二倍频,并将产生的二次谐波通过变压器耦合至注入管的源极共模点,增强了注入管源极共模点二次谐波。由于注入电流是由注入信号与源极共模点二次谐波进行混频而产生,因此注入电流也被增强,从而增大了锁定范围。除此之外,三倍频采用了四阶谐振器,谐振阻抗的相位在过零点被平坦化,锁定范围进一步被增大。采用标准CMOS 65 nm工艺设计三倍频,芯片面积为720×670 μm²,1.2-V供电时的功耗为15.2 mW。0 dBm注入功率下三倍频的锁定范围为19.2~27.6 GHz,对应的基波抑制比大于25 dB,二次谐波抑制大于35 dB。注入锁定三倍频器可满足5G收发机中本振源的要求。     

光电导太赫兹源回路电感对其辐射特性的影响

光电导太赫兹源（Photo-Conductive Antenna,PCA）已广泛用于太赫兹时域光谱系统（THz-TDS）。在THz-TDS系统中,处于偏置状态的PCA被飞秒激光触发因光生载流子,在偏置电场下的加速运动而向自由空间辐射太赫兹波,同时在PCA偏置回路中形成脉冲电流。通常给PCA加载偏置电压的回路有不同结构的电路设计,导致PCA装架的基板回路不可避免地存在一定电感,由此引起的电磁惯性会显著影响回路中脉冲电流的脉宽,电流脉冲的脉宽会随回路电感的增大而展宽。那么PCA回路电感是否会影响PCA向自由空间辐射THz波的特性,这是设计PCA基板电路面临的问题所在。本文尝试在PCA回路中加入不同电感值的电感元件,通过实验测试了PCA辐射THz波的时域波形和频谱,结果表明,PCA回路电感的数值对PCA辐射THz波没有明显影响,从而对不同场合应用的PCA基板结构和电路设计提供了实验基础。     

柔性直流对交流系统短路电流影响因素分析

交流系统短路后,柔性直流可等效为具有一定幅值和相位的电流源。文中基于受端电网发生故障时的柔性直流等效模型,分别对影响柔性直流等效电流源相位、幅值的相关因素进行了分析。柔性直流等效电流源的相位主要受故障类型影响,而幅值主要受控制方式、限幅环节以及电气距离影响,且不同情况的相互组合对交流系统短路电流的影响更加复杂。研究表明,对于交流侧三相短路故障,柔性直流对短路电流的影响共有馈入为零、馈入为有功控制环节限幅值、馈入为无功控制环节限幅值和馈入为无功控制环节参考值4种情况。最后通过基于PSCAD的仿真结果验证了相关分析的正确性。     

Study on the preparation and microstructure of a single-crystal hollow turbine blade

This paper studied the structural design of a ceramic core and a blade, ceramic core localization, shell preparation, casting process, core leaching technology, and the heat treatment process of a single-crystal hollow turbine blade. The results show that the single-crystal structure solidification sequence of the blade platform is consistent with the cooling sequence and the pulling-out direction of the blade. The primary dendrites were obviously enlarged with the increase of the blade thickness owing to the change in the local cooling rate. Besides, the γ′ phase had a high uniform size distribution ranging from 0.40 to 0.60?µm after heat treatment, and the cubic degree was more homogeneous in comparison with the as-cast microstructure, which are favorable for the superalloy structure. Moreover, γ′ phase size gradually increased and its quantity gradually reduced owing to the increase of the wall thickness in the growth direction.     

The transient response of a functionally graded piezoelectric rod subjected to a moving heat source under fractional order theory of thermoelasticity

The transient thermo-piezoelectric response of a functionally graded piezoelectric rod subjected to a moving heat source is investigated in the context of fractional order theory of thermoelasticity proposed by Sherief. The material properties of the functionally graded piezoelectric rod are assumed to vary exponentially along the length, except for the thermal relaxation time and the specific heat, which are taken to be constant. To solve the governing equations of the problem, Laplace transform is applied, eliminating the time effect; the analytical solutions of the displacement, stress, temperature, and electric field in Laplace domain are obtained. Subsequently, the solutions of the considered variables in time domain are obtained by numerical Laplace inversion and illustrated graphically. In calculation, the effect of the fractional order parameter on the variations of the considered variables is presented.     

Experimental study of the influence of cold heat exchanger geometry on the performance of a co-axial pulse tube cooler

Improving the performance of the pulse tube cooler is one of the important objectives of the current studies. Besides the phase shifters and regenerators, heat exchangers also play an important role in determining the system efficiency and cooling capacity. A series of experiments on a 10 W @ 77 K class co-axial type pulse tube cooler with different cold heat exchanger geometries are presented in this paper. The cold heat exchangers are made from a copper block with radial slots, cut through using electrical discharge machining. Different slot widths varying from 0.12 mm to 0.4 mm and different slot numbers varying from around 20–60 are investigated, while the length of cold heat exchangers are kept the same. The cold heat exchanger geometry is classified into three groups, namely, constant heat transfer area, constant porosity and constant slot width. The study reveals that a large channel width of 0.4 mm (about ten times the thermal penetration depth of helium gas at 77 K, 100 Hz and 3.5 MPa) shows poor performance, the other results show complicated interaction effects between slot width and slot number. These systematic comparison experiments provide a useful reference for selecting a cold heat exchanger geometry in a practical cooler.     

Effects of microstructural heterogeneity on very high cycle fatigue properties of 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy friction stir butt welds

In this study, the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) properties of 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy and its friction stir welding (FSW) butt welds have been investigated. The results show that the failure of FSW joints still occurs at 7.0 × 10⁸ cycles. The fatigue properties of the FSW joints are superior to those of the base material, especially in the super long life regime. Most fatigue cracks initiate at the thermo-mechanically affected zone and heat affected zone on the advancing side of the FSW joints, and the susceptibility of these zones to fatigue is attributed to the metallurgical heterogeneity.