The effect of synthesis gas composition on the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over Co/γ-Al2O3 and Co–Re/γ-Al2O3 catalysts

The Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over Co/γ-Al₂O₃ and Co–Re/γ-Al₂O₃ was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor at 20 bar and 483 K using feed gases with molar H₂/CO ratios of 2.1, 1.5 and 1.0 simulating synthesis gas derived from biomass. With lower H₂/CO ratios in the feed, the CO conversion and the CH₄ selectivity decreased, while the C₅₊ selectivity and olefin/paraffin ratio for C₂–C₄ increased slightly. The water–gas shift activity was low for both catalysts, resulting in high molar usage ratios of H₂/CO (close to 2.0), even at the lower inlet ratios (i.e. 1.5 and 1.0). For both catalysts, the drop in the production rate of hydrocarbons when shifting from an inlet ratio of 2.1 to 1.5 was significant mainly because the H₂/CO usage ratio did not follow the change in the inlet ratio. The hydrocarbon selectivities were rather similar for inlet H₂/CO ratios of 2.1 and 1.5, while significantly deviating from those for an inlet ratio of 1.0. With the studied catalysts, it is possible to utilize the advantages of an inlet ratio of 1.0 (higher selectivity to C₅₊, lower selectivity to CH₄, no water–gas shifting of the bio-syngas needed prior to the FT reactor) if a low syngas conversion is accepted.     

Effect of water on HDS of DBT over a dispersed Mo catalyst using in situ generated hydrogen

A novel process was developed for the bitumen emulsion upgrading, wherein emulsion breaking and upgrading occurred in the same reactor using H₂ generated in situ from the water in the emulsion via the water gas shift reaction (WGSR). In this study, dibenzothiophene (DBT) was chosen as a model compound to investigate the effect of water and in situ H₂ on hydrodesulfurization (HDS). All the experiments were performed in a 1-L autoclave reactor at temperatures between 300 and 380 °C using in situ H₂ and ex situ H₂ (externally supplied H₂) over a dispersed Mo catalyst formed from phosphomolybdic acid (PMA). At very low water content, water was found to promote the HDS reaction in the ex situ H₂ run probably because it facilitates the formation of more active dispersed MoS_x species. At higher water content, however, water inhibits every individual reaction in the reaction network in the HDS of DBT, blocking the hydrogenation pathway more than the hydrogenolysis pathway. The relative reactivity of the in situ and ex situ H₂ depends on the water content present in the reaction system. At an optimized mole ratio of H₂O:CO (1.35), higher HDS activity was observed in the in situ H₂ run compared to ex situ H₂ run, and particularly, the hydrogenation pathway was promoted in the in situ H₂ run.     

一种新型零电压零电流开关移相全桥变换器

为了解决传统零电压零电流开关（ZVZCS）PWMDC/DC变换器滞后桥臂零压范围较小、环流损耗大的问题,采用串联双变压器、滞后桥臂带辅助网络和倍压整流电路,提出了一种新型零电压零电流移相全桥变换器.首先分析了变换器在稳态下的各种工作状态,给出了相关计算公式,并制作了一台实验样机进行原理验证.实验结果表明：该变换器能够在较宽的负载范围内实现滞后桥臂的零电压开通,重载下实现零电流开通,从而极大地降低高频电路初级开关损耗和次级电磁干扰.     

K~-原子能级移动与能级宽度的计算

通过对K-原子的理论分析,利用DD光学模型势,数值求解相应的Klein-Gordon方程,得到了从K6-Li到K5？6 Ni中N=Z的K？原子的能级移动和能级宽度,理论计算结果与实验数据基本一致,其结果表明了DD光学模型势在K-原子中应用的正确性.     

直接甲酸燃料电池阳极催化剂的研究进展

介绍了直接甲酸燃料电池（DFAFC）阳极电催化机理,以及Pt基、Pd基附载型和非附载型阳极催化剂的发展状况,分析了金属合金d-带能级移动和金属表面偏析对直接甲酸燃料电池催化活性的影响,对筛选阳极催化剂合金材料具有一定的指导作用.     

M序列的对称性变换及对称群

n级M序列是由n级非线性回馈移位寄存器产生的周期为2n的二元序列,也称为de Bruijn序列。该文将讨论M序列的对称性变换,提出了一类新的对称性变换——"与/或"逻辑对称性变换,并研究了基于对称性变换的对称群。     

收入费用观与资产负债观的比较与趋势研究

资产负债观和收入费用观是计量企业收益的两种不同会计理论。长期以来,我国会计理论和会计实务主要采用的是以收入费用观来确认和计量企业的收益。随着资本市场的发展以及经济环境、经济活动的复杂化,传统收入费用观下所提供的会计信息的相关性受到质疑。在适度引入公允价值计量模式的条件下,全面收益观的提出,使会计收益计量模式的重心由收入费用观转向资产负债观。2006年2月我国企业新会计准则的颁布,在很多地方也引入了资产负债观理念。对这两种收益计量模式作简单的比较,揭示收入费用观向资产负债观转变的趋势,并分析了资产负债观在我国新会计准则中的体现。     

基于右手人工电磁传输线的差分移相器设计

结合宽带差分移相器的基本结构,以及新型右手传输线的色散特性,提出了一种具有任意相移量的新型右手人工电磁传输线的差分移相器,并针对该移相器提出了2种新型结构,分别采用“色散”右手传输线取代标准Schiffman移相器中平行耦合双线、或直接取代传统均匀传输线来作为移相臂,得到新的相位差分电路,并采用射频仿真软件ADS（Advanced Design System）进行访真分析.理论分析和电路仿真均表明采用该右手传输线制作的移相器在很宽的频带上具有恒定的差分相移量,并且在工作带宽范围内器件具有很小的插入损耗,比标准的Schiffman移相器有了更大的灵活性和适应性.     

GNSS接收机最优中频积累时间研究

分段相关-视频积累是一种典型的雷达信号检测方法,同时也可用于全球定位系统(GPS)或伽利略系统的卫星信号检测。该文重点分析了载波多普勒条件下分段相关-视频积累检测方法的性能,推导了平均处理损耗公式。在给定最大多普勒频偏和载噪比的情况下,采用平均处理损耗最小准则,分析了全球卫星导航(GNSS)接收机最优中频积累时间的计算方法和变化规律。在载噪比45 dB-Hz和最大多普勒频偏2000 Hz的条件下,该算法比经典算法减小了13.5%的平均处理损耗。