基于LS-SVM的非线性多功能传感器信号重构方法研究

提出了基于最小二乘支持向量机(Least squares support vector machine, LS-SVM)的非线性多功能传感器信号重构方法. 不同于通常采用的经验风险最小化重构方法, 支持向量机(Support vector machine, SVM)是基于结构风险最小化准则的新型机器学习方法, 适用于小样本标定数据情况, 可有效抑制过拟合问题并改善泛化性能. 在SVM基础上, LS-SVM将不等式约束转化为等式约束, 极大地简化了二次规划问题的求解. 研究中通过L-折交叉验证实现调整参数优化, 在两种非线性情况下对多功能传感器的输入信号进行了重构, 实验结果显示重构精度分别达到0.154\%和1.146\%, 表明提出的LS-SVM重构方法具有高可靠性和稳定性, 验证了方法的有效性.     

Signal‐to‐noise ratios for measuring saliency of features extracted by eigenvector methods from ophthalmic arterial Doppler signals

Abstract: Features are used to represent patterns with minimal loss of important information. The feature vector, which is composed of the set of all features used to describe a pattern, is a reduced‐dimensional representation of that pattern. Medical diagnostic accuracies can be improved when the pattern is simplified through representation by important features. By identifying a set of salient features, the noise in a classification model can be reduced, resulting in more accurate classification. In this study, a signal‐to‐noise ratio saliency measure was employed to determine the saliency of input features of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) used in classification of ophthalmic arterial Doppler signals. Eigenvector methods were used to extract features representing the ophthalmic arterial Doppler signals. The RNNs used in the ophthalmic arterial Doppler signal classification were trained for the signal‐to‐noise ratio screening method. The application results of the signal‐to‐noise ratio screening method to the ophthalmic arterial Doppler signals demonstrated that classification accuracies of RNNs with salient input features are higher than those of RNNs with salient and non‐salient input features.     

Feature extraction and dimensionality reduction by genetic programming based on the Fisher criterion

Abstract: Feature extraction helps to maximize the useful information within a feature vector, by reducing the dimensionality and making the classification effective and simple. In this paper, a novel feature extraction method is proposed: genetic programming (GP) is used to discover features, while the Fisher criterion is employed to assign fitness values. This produces non‐linear features for both two‐class and multiclass recognition, reflecting the discriminating information between classes. Compared with other GP‐based methods which need to generate c discriminant functions for solving c‐class (c>2) pattern recognition problems, only one single feature, obtained by a single GP run, appears to be highly satisfactory in this approach. The proposed method is experimentally compared with some non‐linear feature extraction methods, such as kernel generalized discriminant analysis and kernel principal component analysis. Results demonstrate the capability of the proposed approach to transform information from the high‐dimensional feature space into a single‐dimensional space by automatically discovering the relationships between data, producing improved performance.     

Feature extraction by autoregressive spectral analysis using maximum likelihood estimation: internal carotid arterial Doppler signals

Abstract: In this study, Doppler signals recorded from the internal carotid artery (ICA) of 97 subjects were processed by personal computer using classical and model-based methods. Fast Fourier transform (classical method) and autoregressive (model-based method) methods were selected for processing the ICA Doppler signals. The parameters in the autoregressive method were found by using maximum likelihood estimation. The Doppler power spectra of the ICA Doppler signals were obtained by using these spectral analysis techniques. The variations in the shape of the Doppler spectra as a function of time were presented in the form of sonograms in order to obtain medical information. These Doppler spectra and sonograms were then used to compare the applied methods in terms of their frequency resolution and the effects in determination of stenosis and occlusion in the ICA. Reliable information on haemodynamic alterations in the ICA can be obtained by evaluation of these sonograms.     

基于FPGA的TFT LCD快检信号源的设计

目前TFT模块的生产过程中常伴有模块的线缺陷和点缺陷,依据TFF模块的驱动和测试原理,设计了一种由FPGA和模拟开关组成的集成测试信号源,该信号源可提供源极信号、栅极信号、栅极控制信号和公共地信号四路测试信号,此四路信号无论是在频率、占空比、延时,还是幅值上都满足对一般中小尺寸TFT液晶模块的线缺陷和点缺陷的测试要求,可以灵活方便地移植到其他模块测试中,具有通用性.     

An expert system for fault diagnosis in internal combustion engines using probability neural network

An expert system for fault diagnosis in internal combustion engines using adaptive order tracking technique and artificial neural networks is presented in this paper. The proposed system can be divided into two parts. In the first stage, the engine sound emission signals are recorded and treated as the tracking of frequency-varying bandpass signals. Ordered amplitudes can be calculated with a high-resolution adaptive filter algorithm. The vital features of signals with various fault conditions are obtained and displayed clearly by order figures. Then the sound energy diagram is utilized to normalize the features and reduce computation quantity. In the second stage, the artificial neural network is used to train the signal features and engine fault conditions. In order to verify the effect of the proposed probability neural network (PNN) in fault diagnosis, two conventional neural networks that included the back-propagation (BP) network and radial-basic function (RBF) network are compared with the proposed PNN network. The experimental results indicated that the proposed PNN network achieved the best performance in the present fault diagnosis system.     

一种面向非平衡数据的邻居词特征选择方法

在非平衡数据情况下,由于传统特征选择方法,如信息增益(Information Gain,IG)和相关系数(Correlation Coefficient,CC),或者不考虑负特征对分类的作用,或者不能显式地均衡正负特征比例,导致特征选择的结果下降.本文提出一种新的特征选择方法(Positive-Negative feature selection,PN),用于邻居词的选择,实现了文本中术语的自动抽取.本文提出的PN特征选择方法和CC特征选择方法相比,考虑了负特征;和IG特征选择方法相比,从特征t出现在正(负)训练文本的文本数占所有出现特征t的训练文本数比例的角度,分别显式地均衡了正特征和负特征的比例.通过计算特征t后面所跟的不同(非)领域概念个数占总(非)领域概念个数比值分别考察正、负特征t的重要性,解决了IG特征选择方法正特征偏置问题.实验结果表明,本文提出的PN特征选择方法优越于IG特征选择方法和CC特征选择.     

超宽带无线传感器网络MAC协议

超宽带技术凭借其诸多优势成为无线传感器网络物理层的绝佳选择,同时也为无线传感器网络的MAC协议设计带来了挑战。该文介绍了超宽带信号模型,讨论了UWB MAC协议设计中亟待解决的问题,总结和分析了近年来提出的几种典型的UWB MAC协议和有代表性的研究成果,并展望了下一步的研究方向。     

VANET无线链路质量的测量与分析

目前对移动自组织网络的研究很少涉及现实环境里的测量问题。该文对不同环境下无线链路丢包率、信号强度等参数进行了测量和分析。结果表明,环境对链路质量有较大影响,在郊区环境下,丢包率较低,链路质量较好,信号强度反应链路质量的能力有限,连续丢包概率的变化与丢包率平均值的变化基本一致。分析结果对预测无线链路质量和设计VANET网络协议具有重要意义。