Effect of low molecular weight polybutadiene as processing aid on properties of silica‐filled styrene–butadiene rubber compounds

Because silica has strong filler–filler interactions, a silica‐filled rubber compound shows a poor filler dispersion compared to a carbon black‐filled one. Improvement of the filler dispersion in silica‐filled styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds was studied using low molecular weight polybutadiene (liquid PBD) with the high content of 1,2‐unit. By adding the liquid PBD to the silica‐filled SBR compound, the filler dispersion and flow property are improved. The cure time and cure rate become faster as the 1,2‐unit content of the liquid PBD increases for the compounds containing the liquid PBD. The crosslink density increases linearly with increase in the 1,2‐unit content of the liquid PBD. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3135–3140, 2003     

加成型液体乙烯基硅橡胶的研制Ⅱ.白炭黑表面处理对硅橡胶性能的影响

以六甲基二硅氮烷为主要表面处理剂，考察了表面处理剂、处理助剂、水的用量等对白炭黑增强效果的影响。结果表明，处理100份白炭黑时，用25份六甲基二硅氮烷，5份二甲基二乙氧基硅烷，5份水，所得白炭黑对加成型液体硅橡胶增强效果较好。     

海工高性能混凝土用复合胶凝材料的试验研究

在调查分析海工混凝土工程实例的基础上，试验研究了硅酸盐水泥中掺入矿粉、粉煤灰、硅灰等混合材料对海工混凝土性能的影响。研究结果表明，在硅酸盐水泥中掺加矿粉、粉煤灰、硅灰等混合材料可以改善海工混凝土的综合性能。矿物混合材料的复合掺入比单独掺入能更好地改善混凝土抗Cl^-侵蚀性能。海工专用复合胶凝材料生产时宜尽可能地采用多种混合材料。     

Synthesis and characterization of porous media produced by a sol-gel method

Mesoporous silica materials were synthesized by sol-gel method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as precursors and surfactants i.e., cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and polyoxyethylene cetyl ether (Brij 56) as templates. Surfactant templates were completely removed by calcination to form mesoporous structure. The effects of type and amount of surfactants on the characteristics of samples were studied. The textural characteristics such as surface area, pore volume, pore size, and pore size distribution were determined by nitrogen sorption isotherms. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to qualitatively identify the chemical functionality and to confirm the removal of surfactant template. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to directly observe surface morphology and mesoporous structure, respectively. The adsorption capacity of the synthesized adsorbent for toluene vapor was examined. We found that the pore volume and pore size of mesoporous materials affected the adsorption capacity. The sample prepared with high content of CTAB under basic condition (pH ∼7) yielded large pore volumes and pore sizes and subsequently possessed the high adsorption capacity for toluene vapor.     

填料对双组分缩合型室温硫化硅橡胶性能的影响

考察了多种补强填料和半补强(或增量)填料如硅藻土、碳酸钙和氧化铝等对室温硫化(RTV)硅橡胶的机械性能和介电性能的影响。结果表明,采用经六甲基二硅氮烷处理的气相法白炭黑或沉淀法白炭黑作填料时,RTV硅橡胶多方面的性能都有所提高;采用补强填料和半补强填料并用的RTV硅橡胶的性能优于使用单一补强填料的RTV硅橡胶;随着填料用量的增加,RTV硅橡胶的机械性能、相对介电常数和介质损耗因数都有一定程度的提高,但体积电阻率有所降低。     

Synthesis and characterization of organic-inorganic hybrid thin films from poly(acrylic) and monodispersed colloidal silica

Hybrid thin films containing nano-sized inorganic domain were synthesized from poly(acrylic) and monodispersed colloidal silica with coupling agent. The 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MSMA) was bonded with colloidal silica first, and then polymerized with acrylic monomer to form a precursor solution. Then, the precursor was spin coated and cured to form the hybrid films. The silica content in the hybrid thin films was varied from 0 to 50 wt%. The experimental results showed that the coverage area of silica particle by the MSMA decreased with increasing silica content and resulted in the aggregation of silica particle in the hybrid films. Thus, the silica domain in the hybrid films was varied from 20 to 35 nm by the different mole ratios of MSMA to silica. The results of scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and elemental analysis support the above results. The prepared hybrid films from the crosslinked acrylic polymer moiety showed much better film uniformity, thermal stability and mechanical properties than the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) based hybrid materials. Large pin-holes were found in the PMMA-silica hybrid films probably due to the significant difference on thermal properties between the two moieties or the evaporation of solvent. The refractive index decreased linearly with increasing the silica fraction in the hybrid films. Excellent optical transparence was obtained in the prepared hybrid films. These results show that the hybrid thin films have potential applications as passive films for optical devices.     

界面光催化剂对罗丹明B的吸附及其光催化性能研究

以中空粒子TiO2@@SiO2为载体,通过表面烷基化改性,制备出一种能漂浮于水面的界面光催化剂TiO2@@SiO2-O,并用IR,TG,接触角对其进行表征。结果表明:在无搅拌状态下,与中空粒子TiO2@@SiO2相比,界面光催化剂TiO2@@SiO2-O对罗丹明B的吸附性大大增加,其光催化效率提高了30%。     

酶解产物人参皂苷Rh_2、Rh_3的二氯甲烷层析分离

人参皂苷Rh2、Rh3具有一定的抗癌作用,而这些稀有皂苷在传统红参中的含量甚微。为了获得纯度较高的人参皂苷单体,将人参二醇类皂苷经酶转化等方法处理,得到以人参皂苷Rh2和Rh3为主的混合物。常压下,用二氯甲烷-甲醇作为洗脱液变换梯度进行硅胶柱分离,分别采用流动相V(二氯甲烷)∶V(甲醇)=7∶0.10、7∶0.13、7∶0.15、7∶0.18、7∶0.2、7∶0.3渐变梯度进行洗脱,当流动相V(二氯甲烷)∶V(甲醇)=7∶0.3时,成功分离出人参皂苷Rh2和Rh3。经高效液相色谱检测,为反式的二十、二十二碳烯Rh3和顺式的二十、二十二碳烯Rh3(即Rk2)混合物,纯度达到95%以上;也得到较纯的Rh2,经高效液相色谱检测为20(S)-Rh2和20(R)-Rh2异构体的混合物,纯度达到85%以上。     

人参皂苷Re的分离提纯

采用硅胶柱层析法分离人参叶三醇皂苷,以氯仿-甲醇为流动相洗脱,得到了纯度较高的人参皂苷Re。结果表明,利用硅胶柱层析柱从35 g叶三醇皂苷中分离得到人参皂苷Re7.36 g,得率为21.03%。采用重结晶法对经硅胶柱分离制备的5 g Re进行提纯,将结晶产品分开收集,第2次结晶效果最好,得产品2.43 g,得率为48.68%,纯度为98.89%。     

早强剂对掺硅灰的水泥砂浆强度与结构影响的研究

探讨了不同早强剂对掺硅灰的水泥砂浆强度及微观结构的影响.结果表明：掺入不同的早强剂均可提高掺硅灰的水泥砂浆早期强度,且对其1 d抗压强度的增强效果优于3 d.其中掺入适量的硫酸钠可迅速生成大量的钙矾石晶体,提高水泥砂浆的密实度,同时促进了硅灰的火山灰反应,明显提高了掺硅灰的水泥砂浆的早期强度,但早强剂对掺硅灰的水泥砂浆后期强度影响不大.3种早强剂对掺硅灰的水泥砂浆早期强度增强作用从大到小的顺序依次为硫酸钠、氯化钙、三乙醇胺,其中硫酸钠掺量为3%时增强作用最佳.