The acute effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and methamphetamine on driving: A simulator study

Objectives

Illicit drugs such as MDMA and methamphetamine are commonly abused drugs that have also been observed to be prevalent in drivers injured in road accidents. Their exact effect on driving and driving behavior has yet to be thoroughly investigated.

Methods

Sixty-one abstinent recreational users of illicit drugs comprised the participant sample, with 33 females and 28 males, mean age 25.45 years. The three testing sessions involved oral consumption of 100 mg MDMA, 0.42 mg/kg methamphetamine, or a matching placebo. The drug administration was counter-balanced, double-blind, and medically supervised. At each session driving performance was assessed 3 h and 24 h post drug administration on a computerized driving simulator.

Results

At peak concentration overall impairment scores for driving (F_2,118 = 9.042, p < 0.001) and signaling (F_2,118 = 4.060, p = 0.020) were significantly different for the daytime simulations. Performance in the MDMA condition was worse than both the methamphetamine (p = 0.023) and placebo (p < 0.001) conditions and the methamphetamine condition was also observed to be worse in comparison to the placebo (p = 0.055). For signaling adherence, poorer signaling adherence occurred in both the methamphetamine (p = 0.006) and MDMA (p = 0.017) conditions in comparison to placebo in the daytime simulations.

Conclusions

The findings of this study have for the first time illustrated how both MDMA and methamphetamine effect driving performance, and provide support for legislation regarding testing for the presence of illicit drugs in impaired or injured drivers as deterrents for driving under the influence of illicit drugs.     

基于干扰观测器的飞行仿真转台完全跟踪控制

针对飞行仿真转台不断提升的性能要求及其多速率采样的工作特点,提出了一种新的鲁棒完全跟踪控制策略。针对完全跟踪前馈控制依赖于系统精确数学模型的问题,通过引入干扰观测器来消除模型摄动和外部扰动,使得被控对象的特性在给定的频段内始终趋近于标称模型,充分保证了PTC的作用。仿真结果表明即使结合简单的PID闭环控制器,系统的跟踪性能也获得了很大的提升。给出PTC和DOB的具体设计方法,并对方法的有效性进行了对比仿真验证。结果表明,与已有方法相比,所提控制方法对模型摄动和力矩扰动的抑制能力更强,跟踪性能更好。     

基于TMS320F2812和C8051F040的目标测量系统电模拟器研制

本文应用TMS320F2812DSP和C8051F040微处理器,对某型卫星地面电联试系统中的目标测量系统电模拟器进行开发,以实现目标测量系统电模拟器的电接口和通信协议与目标测量系统原型样机的完全一致,同时通过应用软件开发来实现各目标测量系统电模拟器的测量功能。基于TMS320F2812DSP和C8051F040单片机所开发的目标测量系统电模拟器具有处理功能强大、接口功能丰富、软件开发效率高、通用性强等优点。最后将所研制的目标测量系统电模拟器接入某型卫星地面电联试系统中,完成了该卫星地面电联试系统的飞行任务演示闭环试验,从而为某型卫星目标测量系统的方案论证提供了有效的实验和验证平台。     

激光模拟器衍射损耗的研究

半导体激光器给出的是半功率点处的发散角,在计算时必须进行变换,因实测LOC激光器发散角较大,本文对高斯光束发散角变换公式进行了少许修正,导出了模拟器衍射损耗公式,并计算了三种模拟器的衍射损耗。     

Pin Power Reconstruction Methods of the Few-Group BWR Core Simulator NEREUS

An improved pin power reconstruction method has been incorporated in the few-group nodal BWR core simulator NEREUS, which is based on the analytic polynomial nodal method. With the analytic polynomial nodal method, accurate node surface fluxes are available, which are used later to reconstruct pin powers. The intranodal homogeneous thermal flux is corrected using a semi-empirical proportional relation between surface transition components of the homogeneous and heterogeneous fluxes. This correction method is effective for BWR calculations, especially for controlled assemblies or mixed loading of off-set assemblies. A unified model accounting for effects of spectral histories, caused by spectral interactions between fuel assemblies and the control blade insertion, was also developed for intranodal burnup correction. The change in pin powers due to the control blade history can be predicted well, without laborious assembly depletion calculations with control blade insertion. R-factors used in critical power ratio calculations are also reconstructed from the pin powers. The NEREUS pin power reconstruction method was verified against heterogeneous multi-assembly depletion calculations.     

Forty Years of Technometrics: Past,Present, and Future

This article addresses the issue of kriging-based optimization of stochastic simulators. Many of these simulators depend on factors that tune the level of precision of the response, the gain in accuracy being at a price of computational time. The contribution of this work is two-fold: first, we propose a quantile-based criterion for the sequential design of experiments, in the fashion of the classical expected improvement criterion, which allows an elegant treatment of heterogeneous response precisions. Second, we present a procedure for the allocation of the computational time given to each measurement, allowing a better distribution of the computational effort and increased efficiency. Finally, the optimization method is applied to an original application in nuclear criticality safety. This article has supplementary material available online. The proposed criterion is available in the R package DiceOptim.