骨架密实型沥青混合料集料的分形特征

为了分析和利用骨架密实型沥青混合料集料分形特征,基于分形几何的基本理论,推导出了集料的质量分布分形几何模型,并以SMA-16混合料为例,探讨了集料分维值(D)的最小计算粒径;结合SMA-16混合料体积参数的测试结果,研究了分形维数与体积参数的关系.结果表明:对于SMA-16混合料,分维值的最小计算粒径为0.6 mm;规范级配范围对应的分维值为2.355～2.457;分维值越大,混合料级配越细;分维值与空隙率、矿料间隙率、沥青饱和度等混合料体积参数有很好的线性相关性.     

Study on Virtual Human Skeleton System

A solution of virtual human skeleton system is proposed. Some issues on integration of anatomical geometry, biodynamics and computer animation are studied. The detailed skeleton system model that incorporates the biodynamic and geometric characteristics of a human skeleton system allows some performance studies in greater detail than that performed before. It may provide an effective and convenient way to analyze and evaluate the movement performance of a human body when the personalized anatomical data are used in the models. An example shows that the proposed solution is effective for the stated problems.     

F-76燃料骨架机理构建方法研究

为开发出结构紧凑、高精度和包含多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs）的高碳燃料模型燃料机理并应用于计算流体力学（computational fluid dynamics, CFD）模拟,提出了一种集成详细的C₀—C₄核心机理和骨架的C₅—C_n机理来发展高碳燃料骨架反应机理的新方法。利用该方法为基础燃料分别为正十六烷（NC₁₆H₃₄）、2,6,10-三甲基十二烷（C₁₅H₃₂-26X）和正丁基苯（C₆H₅C₄H₉）的模型燃料构建相应的骨架反应机理。然后基于机理简化手段获得了包含164个组分和654个基元反应的骨架机理。利用激波管点火延迟时间、流动反应器氧化数据、层流火焰速度和熄火极限等基础燃烧数据对构建的机理进行验证。然后,将该骨架机理耦合到三维CFD喷雾模型中,来模拟定容喷雾燃烧室（constant volume spray combustion chamber, CVSCC）中的喷雾燃烧过程。结果表明喷雾燃烧特性的模拟值能与实验值吻合良好,证明了所构建骨架机理在燃烧CFD模拟中的有效性。     

再生骨料对混凝土力学性能及耐久性影响的研究

针对再生骨料由于本身结构缺陷的原因,造成混凝土力学性能和耐久性不良的问题,采用再生骨料裹浆预处理和密实骨架堆积配合比设计方法,弥补再生骨料的结构缺陷,提高混凝土密实程度,使得再生骨料混凝土的抗压强度和抗碳化性能、抗氯离子渗透性能得到有效改善。     

C_4/C_5烯烃骨架异构化催化剂的制备及工业应用

采用水热晶化法合成了FER-S(加结构导向剂)和FER-01(不加结构导向剂)2种FER型ZSM-35分子筛,制备出C_4/C_5烯烃骨架异构化催化剂,利用X射线衍射法、氨气-程序升温脱附法等测试方法表征了分子筛结构,在固定床反应器装置上评价了催化剂异构化反应性能,并在中国石油乌鲁木齐石化公司40万t/a轻汽油醚化装置上考察了FER-S的工业应用情况。结果表明:FER-S,FER-01的结晶度分别为98%,83%,前者的强酸中心少于后者,且前者含有更多的微孔,催化剂性能更佳;FER-S在催化C_4和C_5烯烃异构化的反应中,正构烯烃转化率分别大于35%,45%,异构化选择性均高于90%;工业用FER-S在工业装置运行第1周期(769 h)内的72 h标定期间,C_5正构烯烃转化率达到62.4%～76.8%,异构化选择性高于90%,催化剂经过再生后,第2周期(1 053 h)的运行时间比第1周期至少延长37%。     

Effect of impact angle on wear behavior of Mo2NiB2–Ni cermets with different Ni content

Herein, the influence of the impact angle and Ni content on the wear behavior of Mo₂NiB₂–Ni cermets was studied using an erodent-carrying slurry comprising artificial seawater and SiO₂ sands. The results reveal that the material loss may be attributed to the wear damage caused by SiO₂ sands because cermets are expected to exhibit good corrosion resistance in artificial seawater. The relative density of cermets markedly influences their resistance to wear damage, and the material loss experienced by cermets with poor relative density is 2–4 times higher than that of cermets with good relative density; this occurs because a higher relative density can markedly enhance the mechanical properties and reduce the defects in the cermets. Moreover, the results indicate that as the impact angle increases from 0° to 60°, the manifestation of the wear mechanism changes from damaging the Ni binder phase (caused by single cutting wear) to damaging both the Mo₂NiB₂ ceramic and Ni binder phases due to the combination of cutting wear and impact wear. The wear damage is dominated by the cutting wear and impact wear from SiO₂ sand at the low and high impact angles, respectively. Furthermore, the severe deterioration of the single ceramic skeleton at high impact angles indicates that the synergistic influence of the Mo₂NiB₂ ceramic and Ni binder phases on enhancing the wear resistance of the cermets intensifies at high impact angles.     

The microvascular cast as a three-dimensional tissue skeleton: visualization of rapid morphological changes in tissues of the rat uterus

A new interpretation of microvascular corrosion casting is described using examples from casts of the rat uterus taken during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. The casts are considered as representing a three-dimensional model of the tissue vascular space; this characteristic model or tissue skeleton is used to demonstrate transient morphological changes that may be difficult to visualize by other techniques, that may be obscured by other structures, or destroyed by conventional aldehyde fixation procedures. This new application, when supplemented by conventional histology to determine vessel distribution within the tissue and to confirm observations first made by casting, provides a technique for visualizing three-dimensional morphological changes in tissues that is accurate, relatively simple and far more rapid than the laborious method of histological serial sectioning and three-dimensional tissue reconstruction.     

基于骨架树的机械零件三维模型检索方法

提出了一种基于骨架树进行机械零件三维模型检索的方法。检索分为两个阶段。第一阶段首先提取机械零件三维模型骨架,然后将骨架转换成骨架树并用邻接矩阵来描述骨架树的拓扑结构特征,通过比较邻接矩阵特征值之和迅速完成零件拓扑结构匹配,实现零件的初步筛选。将大量与待匹配模型拓扑结构差异较大的模型过滤掉,极大地减少了第二阶段的匹配计算量。第二阶段首先寻找匹配的骨架子树,其次在匹配子树的基础上搜索骨架枝匹配对,进而采用空间离散曲线的曲率和弗朗内特标架进行空间曲线相似性计算,得到整个骨架形状相似度。通过实例验证与试验分析,该方法快速有效,具有较高的准确性和良好的鲁棒性。     

大型固定式相控阵雷达阵面安装方式研究

随着洲际弹道导弹、潜射弹道导弹、多弹头分导再入式导弹等进攻性武器和各种卫星的发展,对覆盖距离远、分辨率高、跟踪目标多的多功能探测系统装备——大型相控阵雷达的需求日益增加。近年来,大型相控阵雷达得到了长足的发展,远程预警雷达、远程相控阵雷达、远程防空监测雷达等均已完成阵地布设。不同的天线阵面安装结构形式对雷达装备的架设、阵面精度的控制带来了不同的影响。文中通过对比2部大型固定式相控阵天线阵面安装与阵面精度控制过程,分析了过渡骨架和调整机构2种连接结构形式对天线阵面的安装与精度控制的影响,阐述了两者的优劣之处,对今后大型相控阵雷达的高效、低成本研制和部署具有借鉴意义。