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131.
《工程(英文)》2018,4(4):574-580
Organic solid and liquid wastes contain large amounts of energy, nutrients, and water, and should not be perceived as merely waste. Recycling, composting, and combustion of non-recyclables have been practiced for decades to capture the energy and values from municipal solid wastes. Treatment and disposal have been the primary management strategy for wastewater. As new technologies are emerging, alternative options for the utilization of both solid wastes and wastewater have become available. Considering the complexity of the chemical, physical, and biological properties of these wastes, multiple technologies may be required to maximize the energy and value recovery from the wastes. For this purpose, biorefining tends to be an appropriate approach to completely utilize the energy and value available in wastes. Research has demonstrated that non-recyclable waste materials and bio-solids can be converted into usable heat, electricity, fuel, and chemicals through a variety of processes, and the liquid waste streams have the potential to support crop and algae growth and provide other energy recovery and food production options. In this paper, we propose new biorefining schemes aimed at organic solid and liquid wastes from municipal sources, food and biological processing plants, and animal production facilities. Four new breakthrough technologies—namely, vacuum-assisted thermophilic anaerobic digestion, extended aquaponics, oily wastes to biodiesel via glycerolysis, and microwave-assisted thermochemical conversion—can be incorporated into the biorefining schemes, thereby enabling the complete utilization of those wastes for the production of chemicals, fertilizer, energy (biogas, syngas, biodiesel, and bio-oil), foods, and feeds, and resulting in clean water and a significant reduction in pollutant emissions. 相似文献
132.
《Advanced Powder Technology》2023,34(1):103908
The production of crab meatballs generates large amount of crab shell waste, it is therefore necessary to develop a green, economical and environmentally friendly process to vaporize the waste. This study was aimed at investigating the applicability of microwave heating combined with ultrasonic field-assisted alkaline protease (MUSED) (50 ℃, pH = 9.0, 14025.67 U/g, 4.21 h and liquid/material = 14.41:1) for pretreatment of ball-milled crab shells. The ball milling efficiency of the crab shell powder pretreated by MUSED was observed to increase by 50 % compared to the control group, with the final average particle size of D4 = 4.88 ± 0.20 um. High calcium solubility and low energy consumption of the ball-milled powder increased dietary calcium bioavailability and reduced the potential for high calorie intake. The addition of 6 % (w/w) crab shell powder treated by MUSED improved the texture of the crab meatballs (CM-D4) and gave the product enhanced crab flavor relative to the control group. Moreover, the lower cooking loss of CM-D4 resulted in significant retention of nutrients (p < 0.05). The crab shell powder treated by MUSED method was more efficient in ball milling, which improved the quality of crab meatballs while relieving environmental pressure. 相似文献
133.
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135.
Structure of Crack in Thermally Dried Sludge Cake 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We examined in this work the drying characteristics of wastewater sludge, considering the weight loss using an electronic balance and the morphology change of drying cake by an X-ray micro-computerized tomography scanner (micro-CT). The drying rates for sludge cake was 50-60% of the pure water test. The corresponding micro-CT images were scanned to explore the change in cake volume and development of internal crack over drying. The Otsu's method was applied to bilevel the scanned images, based on which the three-dimensional model for crack's internal structure was reconstructed. The cake porosity and the geometric factors of cracks, such as the compactness, the boundary fractal dimension, and the Sierpinski carpet fractal dimension, were evaluated. The shrinkage of cake volume and the development of internal crack occurred simultaneously. The skin layer formed by the former mechanism retards further drying. On the other hand, the internal cracks were shown to exhibit zigzagging with a noncircular cross section and fractal-like boundary, which should be able to enhance local drying. A possible role of change in crack structure on the rate of drying was discussed. 相似文献
136.
137.
污水处理厂污泥于陶粒生产中的综合利用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
刘莲香 《陶瓷研究与职业教育》2003,1(1):35-40,22
主要从市场、工艺、经济和社会效益方面,对污水处理厂污泥于陶粒生产中的综合利用问题进行了论述。 相似文献
138.
139.
Solidification of electroplating sludge using alkali-activated pulverized fuel ash as cementitious binder 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This work investigated the potential for utilization of alkali-activated PFA as solidification binder to treat electroplating sludge. The sludge was solidified using 30 wt.% of lime and 70 wt.% of PFA. Two alkali activators, Na2SiO3 and Na2CO3, were added at 0, 4, 6, and 8 wt.%. Results showed that early strength development of lime-PFA cements with Na2SiO3 and Na2CO3 was considerably higher than those without. Addition of electroplating sludge resulted in reduced strength. The strength reduction was greater when 4% Na2SiO3 activator was used than when 8% Na2CO3 activator was used. A higher pH of Na2SiO3 solution (pH=13.5) compared to that of Na2CO3 solution (pH=11.9) resulted in resolubilization of metal hydroxides from the electroplating sludge, which competed with calcium ion for soluble silicate. In addition, Pb, Cd, and Cu were not found in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) leachates. Cr, Zn, and Fe were detected and in some cases Cr exceeded U.S. EPA allowable limits. 相似文献
140.
微波消解法快速测定废水中的总磷 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
采用微波对废水中的总磷进行消解,考察了消解时间、功率等不同实验条件对标样微波消解的影响,得出本实验消解的最佳条件,即过硫酸钾溶液用量为 0.5 mL,压力为10 MPa,消解时间为 2 min:并将该法与总磷测定的常规方法进行了比较,结果表明,过硫酸钾-微波消解法操作简单,效率高,对工作环境污染小.最后对微波消解法的精密度和准确度进行验证,实验结果表明其具有良好的精密度和准确度. 相似文献