触变泥浆润滑套在沉井工程中的应用

论述触变泥浆润滑套在沉井工程中的应用及主要参数。     

中国制革污水、污泥处理的现状分析

本文通过对上百家制革企业污水、污泥处理情况的调查、分析，表明污水治理已是各企业环境治理的一项重要工作；而污水处理后产生的污泥如何处理还未引起重视。只有彻底治理污水、污泥，消除二次污染，才是制革企业解决发展与污染矛盾的唯一途径。     

高炉瓦斯泥压块循环应用于电炉泡沫渣的研究

对高炉瓦斯泥应用于电炉造泡沫渣进行了实验室试验和现场试验研究.确定了冷压块工艺和现场应用工艺.试验结果表明:瓦斯泥的压块可以起到强化泡沫渣生成的作用,但瓦斯泥压块的加入量有个合适的范围.压块加入后,压块中的铁和碳通过反应参与了泡沫渣的生成;压块中的锌和铅被快速还原,进入二次粉尘.瓦斯泥压块加入电炉,对钢水和渣没有产生可觉察的影响.在此过程中,压块中的有价资源得到了循环利用.     

减少剩余污泥产量的一种有效途径

通过改变运行参数S0/X0曝气池内混合液中底物浓度的初始值S0(mg／L)／曝气池内混合液中污泥浓度的初始值X0(mg／L))，研究S0／X0对间歇式活性污泥法的剩余污泥产率的影响。实验结果表明，在研究条件下，’表观污泥产率系数Yobs随着S0／X0值的增大而变小，从而为减少剩余污泥产量提供了一种有效途径。     

有机碳源对厌氧氨氧化污泥颗粒化的影响

为探究有机碳源对厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)污泥颗粒形成的影响,采用两组平行的SBR,通过改变进水中有机碳源的质量浓度进行研究.结果表明:适量的有机碳源(130 mg/L)可通过提高反应器中的胞外聚合物(EPS)含量从而加速颗粒污泥的形成,提高污泥的沉降性能.添加与不添加有机碳源的两组反应器分别于28和35 d颗粒化成功,平均颗粒粒径分别达450和409μm.过量有机碳源( 230 mg/L)会使污泥出现解体,粒径减小,污泥的沉降性能明显变差.当有机碳源小于110 mg/L时,可通过反硝化作用促进厌氧氨氧化反应从而提高脱氮效率;但是当有机碳源质量浓度大于110 mg/L时,会抑制厌氧氨氧化反应,并降低脱氮效率.在厌氧氨氧化工艺实际运行中,应避免有机物质量浓度超过110 mg/L.     

Electrode surface treatments in sludge electro-osmosis dewatering

The sewage sludge dewatering produced by wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is a multifaceted process due to the presence of colloid fractions. Electro-osmosis could be a suitable technique to reduce the water content of the final sludge. Electric fields of 10, 15, and 20?V/cm have been studied for electro-osmosis tests under the pressure of a static or rotating piston, obtaining a dry solids content up to 40–45%, with respect to 25–30% obtained by mechanical methods. In order to optimize the process, the corrosion behavior and the wear of the anodic material appear to be the main critical aspects, due to the high circulating current density and the use of a rotating electrode. We compared the efficiency and the corrosion resistance of dimensionally stable anodes (DSA) with respect to bare stainless steel (AISI 304) and stainless steel coated by PVD technique with TiN, AlTiN, and DLC. Characterization of the anode surfaces by SEM and potentiodynamic tests show that DSA is the most suitable material for our application. However, efficiencies of the electro-osmosis processes have been found comparable, in terms of developed current densities and total energy consumptions, for short-test duration.     

UASB+MBR+NF处理焚烧垃圾渗滤液的设计及运行

介绍了UASB+MBR+NF工艺处理某垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液的工艺流程、构筑物设计参数及运行情况。运行结果表明,该工艺对垃圾渗滤液具有较高的去除率,COD、BOD5、NH3-N、SS的去除率分别高达99.84%、99.94%、99.28%、99.83%。处理后出水的各项指标可以达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)中的一级排放标准。采用该工艺去除1 kg COD需要花费0.57元。与城市污水厂生活污水的运行费用相比,该工艺具有较好的经济性。     

Sludge Dewatering and Aggregate Formation Effects through Taylor Vortex Assisted Flocculation

Abstract

For polymer induced flocculation processes, the effects of flow patterns in a gap of a conical stirrer on aggregate formation and subsequent sludge dewatering efficiency were analysed. Different flow regimes were identified by lab scale investigations with model substances and summarized in a Ta and Re number plane. An enhancement of sludge dewaterability for polymer induced flocculation processes was identified through post‐treatment of flocculated sludge aggregates by the specific flow pattern of stable and wavy Taylor vortices. Photo‐optical image analysis of flocculated aggregates shows a clear change of aggregate size distribution with less small particles during aggregate forming by Taylor vortices compared to classical flocculation procedure by stirrer. Results from technical scale dewatering analyses confirmed enhancement of sludge dewatering efficiency for six different dewatering machines using the identified wavy and stable Taylor vortex flow pattern regime.     

Study on the nitrogen transformation during the primary pyrolysis of sewage sludge by Py-GC/MS and Py-FTIR

The nitrogen transformation with attention to the intermediates and NO_x precursors has been investigated during the primary pyrolysis of sewage sludge by using Pyrolyzer-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and Pyrolyzer-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (Py-FTIR). A three-stage process of nitrogen transformation during the sewage sludge pyrolysis was suggested. The decomposition of labile protein and inorganic ammonium salt mainly occurred in the first stage (<300 °C), giving rise to a small amount of NH₃. In the second stage (300–600 °C), the macromolecular protein firstly cracked into small molecular amine compounds, and then went through deamination process, contributed to a large release of NH₃. In the third stage (600–900 °C), the amine compounds converted into nitriles, and generated a large amount of HCN, while the formation of NH₃ slowed down accordingly.