活性污泥法处理污水两个重要参数的理论探讨

负荷、泥龄是活性污泥法处理城市污水设计、运行中的重要参数.给出了有机负荷的动力学表达形式(称之为动力学负荷),并对有机负荷和泥龄的关系,有机负荷和泥龄对水质、污泥沉降性能影响进行了理论探讨.     

稀磷酸澄清槽泥浆泵改用单螺杆泵的实践

磷酸生产中输送稀磷酸澄清槽淤渣的泥浆泵，各厂的运行情况都不够理想。介绍了三种类型泥浆泵的运行情况，针对淤渣中会出现块结垢物影响泥浆泵长期运行，在单螺杆泵进料腔内设置破碎送料器后，取得了较理想的效果，从而提高了磷酸装置的运转率和磷得率。     

良庄煤矿发展煤炭加工与综合利用的有效途径

良庄煤矿在发展煤炭加工与综合利用方面探索了一些有效途径 ,在洗选加工方面采用重介选煤工艺代替跳汰选 ,运行效果良好 ,利用浮选精煤制备水煤浆及燃煤锅炉改烧水煤浆、压滤煤泥发电及矸石制砖等方面均有显著的经济和环保效益     

The biodrying process of sewage sludge – a review

Abstract

Sewage treatment can be classified into three phases: liquid, gaseous, and solid. Treatment of solids is performed in several steps, and the greatest difficulty in removing water from sewage sludge is due to the bound water present in the sludge. Thus, biodrying, a drying method that can be classified as biological, has been recently applied to treat this type of waste. This review paper aims to report and compile data from 49 biodrying assays of sewage sludge found in the literature (through the present, 2019) into one synthesis table, to discuss and compare the numerous variables found in these papers and their implications for biodrying, and to suggest possibilities for future research. This paper additionally intends to improve knowledge of biodrying and to consequently contribute to the monitoring and understanding of the process.     

Evaluation of methods of measurement of nitrogen in poultry and animal manures

Kjeldahl nitrogen (N), total N and forms of inorganic N (ammoniacal (NH₄)-N, nitrate (NO₃)-N and nitrite (NO₂)-N) were measured in a range of animal manures. The manures include fresh samples of poultry manure, sheep manure, horse manure, dairy slurry and pig slurry and composted poultry manure. Kjeldahl N was measured by standard micro-Kjeldahl digestion. For total N measurements, NO₃-N and NO₂-N were recovered during Kjeldahl digestion by pretreatments with various oxidizing and reducing agents. Inorganic forms of N were measured by extraction with 2M KCl solution.Kjeldahl digestion alone allowed measurement only of organic N and NH₄-N. Amongst various modifications to the Kjeldahl, pretreatment with either acidified (H₂SO₄) Zn-CrK(SO₄)₂ or acidified (H₂SO₄) reduced Fe achieved complete recovery of NO₃-N. Nitrite N was only recovered by first oxidising the NO ₂ ^- to NO ₃ ^- with KMnO₄ followed by reduction to NH₄-N with acidified (H₂SO₄) reduced Fe.More than 95% of the total N in fresh animal manure was present as organic N and NH₄-N which were recovered by the standard Kjeldahl digestion. In the case of fresh manures there was no difference between the amount of total N measured by the Kjeldahl digestion and its modified methods. However composting of poultry manure or drying of poultry manure, pig slurry and dairy slurry resulted in an increase in NO₃-N which was not recovered during Kjeldahl digestion alone. Under these conditions the total N could be measured by pretreating the samples with KMnO₄ and reduced Fe prior to Kjeldahl digestion.Drying of animal manures caused a decrease in organic N and NH₄-N, especially in poultry, pig and dairy manures. There was a slight increase in NO₃-N; but most of the decrease in N content with drying was attributed to the volatilization loss of ammonia (NH₃). Amongst various drying methods examined air drying caused maximum loss of N as NH₃ whereas freeze drying caused minimum loss of N. This suggests that fresh animal manures can be freeze dried for analysis of N which causes minimum loss of N.     

污泥调理剂

综述了污泥调理中常用的化学调理剂及其各自的优缺点,着重介绍了因具有安全、无毒、可生物降解、无二次污染等独特的性质而倍受人们的关注的生物絮凝剂。     

炭纤维载体表面快速固着机理研究

采用炭纤维作为生物膜载体材料进行了污水处理实验,对炭纤维载体表面快速固着机理进行了研究。研究发现,炭纤维能够在水中快速且大量的固着活性污泥微生物。采用表面积测定仪、扫描电镜和XPS研究了炭纤维的表面特征。结果显示,炭纤维的表面形貌、表面官能团及表面活性碳原子是影响炭纤维表面微生物快速且大量固着的主要因素。     

Ca—Mg系复合凝聚剂富集分离造纸法烟草薄片废水处理及资源化研究

采用制备的Ca—Mg系复合凝聚剂,对造纸法烟草薄片废水进行高效固-液分离,以大大降低后续生化处理负荷。获得的污泥固体富含烟碱类物质而进一步提取,用于生物源杀虫剂的活性成份;提取后的污泥固体用作粉状杀虫剂的载附剂,完全达到资源化利用。采用该法单级分离COD去除率可达到70％-80％,具有一定实用价值。     

生物地耕法降解含油污泥的研究

对含油质量分数为9.0%和10.2%的油泥进行生物地耕法的研究。结果表明,生物降解120d后,油泥残油质量分数分别由9.0%和10.2%降至3.1%和4.0%,石油降解率分别为65.6%和60.8%;同时利用气相色谱-质谱分析生物降解前后含油污泥中饱和烃的组分和质量分数变化,含油质量分数为9.0%和10.2%油泥中的长链烷烃分别减少39.8%和42.2%。     

功能微生物对炼厂剩余污泥减量化效果的研究

研究了投加酵母菌群、光合细菌群和混合菌群等多功能微生物菌群促进炼厂的剩余污泥的减量化效果。通过多次污泥减量试验,观察到在好氧消化基础上投加功能菌群能显著促进炼厂剩余污泥减量化。结果表明,与仅好氧曝气条件下相比,投加酵母菌群、光合细菌群、混合菌群的MLSS去除率明显提高了13.81%、30.58%、37.94%;投加功能菌群作用后的污泥沉降性能均优于投加前;pH值均逐渐降低。功能微生物降解效应使石油组分发生明显的变化,强化了对低中碳正构烷烃的降解程度,有利于将高碳链烃降解为低碳链烃。