小城镇综合地理信息系统的设计与开发

针对小城镇管理的现状和发展需求,结合小城镇的经济承受能力和科技力量,采用组件式GIS与可视化开发语言的集成二次开发方式,设计和开发了实用的小城镇综合地理信息系统.介绍了系统的技术框架,以其中的土壤资源管理子系统为例说明系统的开发过程,讨论了系统建设需要解决的几项关键问题.通过该系统可实现小城镇的资源、规划管理及工业、农业、商业,税务.交通等的统计、查询、分析及决策功能,同时可提供相应的图文资料.     

基于AD7746的电容法间隙测量应用系统研究

为精确测量航空发动机部件间隙,针对电容法间隙测量进行了应用研究,重点设计了基于可编程电容—数字转换器AD7746的电容法间隙测量应用系统。采用驱动电缆法等措施,以减小寄生电容,提高抗干扰能力,并通过对AD7746内部可编程寄存器的补偿设置实现宽范围、高精度测量。该系统在自行设计的实验台架上进行多次实验,表明系统具有较好的线性度、重复性和较高的测量精度。最后,提出了电容法测量发动机叶尖间隙的方案。     

面向草图检索的小样本增量有偏学习算法

为了解决草图检索相关反馈中小样本训练、数据不对称及实时性要求这3个难点问题,提出了一种小样本增量有偏学习算法.该算法将主动式学习、有偏分类和增量学习结合起来,对相关反馈过程中的小样本有偏学习问题进行建模.其中,主动式学习通过不确定性采样,选择最佳的用户标注样本,实现有限训练样本条件下分类器泛化能力的最大化;有偏分类通过构造超球面区别对待正例和反例,准确挖掘用户目标类别;每次反馈循环中新加入的样本则用于分类器的增量学习,在减少分类器训练时间的同时积累样本信息,进一步缓解小样本问题.实验结果表明,该算法可以有效地改善草图检索性能,也适用于图像检索和三维模型检索等应用领域.     

Valence band density of states of small cobalt particles on Si(111) substrate

Small Co particles were prepared by sputter etching of a 4–5 nm thick island-like Co film deposited on Si(111) substrate. The density of states (DOS) of the valence band was measured by means of ultraviolet photoemission (UPS) during the sputter etching to monitor the formation of small Co particles. It was found that at a given thickness of the Co island the Fermi level was shifted by 1.8-1.9 eV toward higher binding energy and theDOS decreased or no states were detectable at the Fermi level. This effect was explained by the formation of small Co particles with electronic structure which is significantly different from that of the bulk Co.     

基于自适应对比度增强的红外小目标检测网络

红外探测系统需要尽早发现目标以便及时拦截,但是红外图像上的小目标检测是一个挑战十足的任务。为了提高检测准确率,提出一种基于自适应对比度增强的红外小目标检测方法。为了利用自注意力机制和卷积各自的优势,设计了一个高效的特征提取网络和一个面向小目标的检测头。同时为了解决实际应用中出现的弱目标,在检测子网络前添加了一个图像预处理子网络,该模块可以自适应地调节图像对比度。在红外空中小目标数据集上的实验表明,提出的方法能达到93.76%的检测精度,与经典的检测方法相比,能够更好地平衡检测精度和召回率,证明了方法的巨大应用潜力。     

双重JPEG压缩图像篡改区域检测与定位

对JPEG(joint photographic experts group)图像实施篡改往往会产生双重JPEG(double JPEG,DJPE) 压缩痕迹,分析该痕迹有助于揭示图像压缩历史并实现篡改区域定位。现有算法在图像尺寸较小和质量因子(quality factor,QF) 较低的时候性能不佳,对两个QF的组合情况存在限制。本文提出了一种端到端的混合QF双重JPEG压缩图像取证网络,命名为DJPEGNet。首先,使用预处理层从图像头文件中提取表征压缩历史信息的量化表 (quantization table,Qtable) 特征,将图像从空域转换至DCT(discrete cosine transform)域构造统计直方图特征。然后,将两个特征输入到由深度可分离卷积和残差结构堆叠而成的主体结构,输出二分类结果。最后,使用滑动窗口算法自动定位篡改区域并绘制概率分布图。实验结果表明,在使用不同Qtable集生成的小尺寸数据集上,DJPEGNet所有指标均优于现有最先进的算法,其中ACC提高了1.78%,TPR提升了2.00%,TNR提升了1.60%。     

基于改进YOLOX-s的安全帽检测

在施工现场中, 发生过许多高空坠落事故, 因此在施工现场佩戴安全帽是十分有必要的. 针对安全帽佩戴状况检测中遇到的小目标样本缺检、漏检的情况, 提出一种基于YOLOX-s的改进算法. 首先, 在Neck层引入主干特征提取网络中的160×160特征层进行特征融合, 并且增加了一个针对小目标的检测头; 其次, 采用SIoU损失函数计算损失值, 使得网络在训练过程中考虑的损失项更加全面; 并且采用varifocal loss函数来计算置信度损失值, 进一步改善训练过程中存在的正样本与困难样本不均衡的问题, 最后, 采用CA (coordinate attention)注意力机制来增强模型的特征表达能力. 实验结果表明, 通过对Neck层与检测层、损失函数的优化以及引入CA注意力机制, 使得网络在训练过程中收敛与回归性能更佳. 改进后的算法的mAP值为95.57%, 相较于YOLOv3及原YOLOX-s算法在mAP值上分别提高了17.11%、3.59%. 改进后的算法检测速度为54.73帧/s, 符合实时检测速度要求.     

小断面岩石巷道掏槽爆破参数优化实验

针对小断面岩石巷道掏槽爆破效率低下的技术难题,依据掏槽爆破形成槽腔为后续炮孔提供自由面。通过分析施工过程中掏槽爆破存在的问题及其影响因素,采取了控制单一变量的方法,制定9组实验方案,同时配合规范的施工方法对掏槽爆破参数进行优化,从而获得最优的掏槽爆破参数组合。通过对实验数据的比较分析,优化的掏槽爆破参数使巷道掘进的炮孔利用率提高了20%,掘进综合成本节省了27%。     

Targeting orthotopic gliomas with renal-clearable luminescent gold nanoparticles

A major clinical translational challenge in nanomedicine is the potential of toxicity associated with the uptake and long-term retention of non-degradable nanoparticles (NPs) in major organs.The development of inorganic NPs that undergo renal clearance could potentially resolve this significant biosafety concern.However,it remains unclear whether inorganic NPs that can be excreted by the kidneys remain capable of targeting tumors with poor permeability.Glioblastoma multiforme,the most malignant orthotopic brain tumor,presents a unique challenge for NP delivery because of the blood-brain barrier and robust blood-tumor barrier of reactive microglia and macroglia in the tumor microenvironment.Herein,we used an orthotopic murine glioma model to investigate the passive targeting of glutathione-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of 3 nm in diameter that undergo renal clearance and 18-nm AuNPs that fail to undergo renal clearance.Remarkably, we report that 3-nm AuNPs were able to target intracranial tumor tissues with higher efficiency (2.3x relative to surrounding non-tumor normal brain tissues) and greater specificity (3.0x)than did the larger AuNPs.Pharmacokinetics studies suggested that the higher glioma targeting ability of the 3-nm AuNPs may be attributed to the longer retention time in circulation.The total accumulation of the 3-nm AuNPs in major organs was significantly less (8.4x) than that of the 18-nm AuNPs.Microscopic imaging of blood vessels and renal-clearable AuNPs showed extravasation of NPs from the leaky blood-tumor barrier into the tumor interstitium.Taken together,our results suggest that the 3-nm AuNPs,characterized by enhanced permeability and retention,are able to target brain tumors and undergo renal clearance.     

Crystallographic analysis on small fatigue crack propagation behaviour of a nickel-based single crystal superalloy

In situ observations by scanning electron microscopy show that small fatigue cracks in a nickel-based single crystal superalloy are inclined to the loading direction and propagate in dominant crystallographic manners. In order to evaluate the driving forces for inclined crack propagation, three-dimensional anisotropic linear elastic finite-element analysis is conducted. The plastic zone size on the dominant slip plane has been calculated and proposed to correlate the fatigue crack growth. It is shown that this parameter takes into account both material anisotropy and octahedral fracture modes, and it can effectively characterize small crack propagation behaviour.