Heat transfer and flow characteristics of flow boiling of CO2‐oil mixtures in horizontal smooth and micro‐fin tubes

Experiments were carried out on the flow pattern, heat transfer, and pressure drop of flow boiling of pure CO₂ and CO₂‐oil mixtures in horizontal smooth and micro‐fin tubes. The smooth tube is a stainless steel tube with an inner diameter of 3.76 mm. The micro‐fin tube is a copper tube with a mean inner diameter of 3.75 mm. The experiments were carried out at mass velocities from 100 to 500 kg/(m²·s), saturation temperature of 10 °C, and the circulation ratio of lubricating oil (PAG) was from 0 to 1.0 mass%. Flow pattern observations mainly showed slug and wavy flow for the smooth tube, but annular flow for the micro‐fin tube. Compared with the flow patterns in the case of pure CO₂, an increase in frequency of slug occurrence in the slug flow region, and a decrease in the quantity of liquid at the top of the tube in the annular flow region were observed in the case of CO₂‐oil mixtures. With pure CO₂, the flow boiling heat transfer was dominated by nucleate boiling in the low vapor quality region, and the heat transfer coefficients for the micro‐fin tube were higher than those of the smooth tube. With CO₂‐oil mixtures, the flow boiling heat transfer was dominated by convective evaporation, especially in the high vapor quality region. In addition, the heat transfer coefficient decreased significantly when the oil circulation ratio was larger than 0.1 mass%. For the pressure drop characteristics, in the case of pure CO₂, the homogeneous flow model agreed with the experimental results within ±30% for the smooth tube. The pressure drops of the micro‐fin tube were 0–70% higher than those predicted with the homogeneous flow model, and the pressure drops increased for the high oil circulation ratio and high vapor quality conditions. The increases in the pressure drops were considered to be due to the increase in the thickness of the oil film and the decrease in the effective flow cross‐sectional area. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20287     

等效岩体技术在岩体工程中的应用

 以某露天矿边坡为工程背景,结合岩石力学参数室内和现场原位试验,基于颗粒流理论和PFC3D程序,运用等效岩体技术,建立充分反映节理分布特征并考虑细观破裂效应的等效岩体模型,采用Fish语言编制加卸载命令流,研究岩体的强度和力学效应。研究结果表明：(1) 等效岩体在单轴压缩时,轴向应力–应变曲线分为弹性变形阶段、非稳定破裂塑性阶段和破裂后阶段,抗压强度和弹性模量与标准岩块试样相比,有较大幅度降低;(2) 随围压增大,等效岩体抗压强度和残余强度明显提高,延性特征增强,逐渐向理想塑性过渡;(3) 等效岩体技术能有效地描述岩体受节理分布影响而表现的各向异性特征;(4) 等效岩体内部微裂纹主要沿节理走向分布并扩展,破坏形式受主导节理面产状及性质控制。     

等离子体加工光学元件工艺研究

为了得到超光滑表面且无表层损伤的光学元件,引入一种新型的超光滑表面加工技术--等离子体抛光.介绍了有关等离子体刻蚀的研究进展以及去除机理,在已经设计好的实验平台上进行等离子体加工工艺实验,对影响去除效果的参数进行了实验研究,最后进行工艺参数优化.结果表明此技术能够应用于对光学元件的加工.     

反求工程中基于点云数据集的CAD建模研究

提出了一种新的基于神经网络的点云数据重构CAD光顺造型的新算法。首先对点云数据平滑处理;然后进行特征线提取,并以特征线为基础对曲面进行分割。该方法能直接从神经网络的权值矩阵得到曲线的控制顶点／曲面的控制网格,通过神经网络的权值约束实现曲线段／曲面片之间的光滑拼接。同时对恢复的隐式表面的初始逼近网格自适应性优化。实验效果表明,该方法能够得到精确的逼近结果,同时能满足反求工程的实时需求.     

南江县石板沟滑坡特征、成因及演化过程研究

石板沟滑坡是南江县2011年“9.18”洪灾期间降雨诱发的大型顺层基岩滑坡。通过野外调研,详细研究了石板沟滑坡的地质环境和滑坡特征,并从多方面论述了其发生的地质成因机制及变形演化过程。研究表明:原三沟环绕的地形特征为石板沟滑坡的发生提供了非常大的汇水条件,超强度降雨引起斜坡所蕴藏的高势能、极高的静水压力、浮托力以及滑带土的液化,是致使石板沟滑坡高速滑动的主要原因;滑坡的变形演化过程大致经历基岩斜坡原生节理裂隙充水张开、初期短距离拉槽起动、中期槽谷缓慢扩张、后期槽谷充水剧烈滑移4个阶段。最后建议在地质调查详查工作中应注重对斜坡微地貌及风化卸荷带的调查,对预测预报这类具有隐伏性的顺层基岩滑坡具有重大意义。     

上向水平分层尾砂充填采矿法及其改进——浅析四平银矿采矿法

通过对上向水平分层尾砂充填采矿方法,凿岩爆破等方式的改进,可以使矿山采矿方法有较大的改观,取得较好的经济效果。同时提高采场施工速度和生产效率,相应的降低支护费用,改善现场作业条件。尽管增加了采矿场充填井工程和凿岩时间,但是相对减少尾砂用量,缓解采充失调,降低成本,维护顶板稳定(成形规整),使采矿场安全管理工作效果突出。     

光滑Chua系统异宿轨道存在性的证明

本文用待定系数法证明了具有三次多项式光滑Chua系统异宿轨道的存在性.首先,将光滑Chua系统转换为只含有一个变量的非线性微分方程.其次,证明了该非线性微分方程存在一个指数形式的无穷级数展开式表示的异宿轨道.最后,证明了该无穷级数展开式的一致收敛性,结合Shilnikov不等式,论证了该系统存在Smale马蹄,因而是S...     

Generalized projection method for a variational inequality system with different mapping in Banach spaces

The approximate solution of a system for variational inequality with different mapping in Hilbert spaces has been studied, based on the convergence of projection methods. However, little research has been done in Banach space. The primary reason is that projection mapping lacks preferable properties in Banach space. In this paper, we introduce generalized projection methods. By using these methods, the results presented in this paper have extended the main results of Chang et al.’s and Huang and Noor’s recent works [S.S. Chang, H.W. Joseph Lee, C.K. Chan, Generalized system for relaxed cocoercive variational inequalities in Hilbert spaces, Appl. Math. Lett. 20 (2007) 329–334; Zhenyu Huang, Muhammad Aslam Noor, An explicit projection method for a system of nonlinear variational inequalities with different (γ,r)-cocoercive mappings, Appl. Math. Comput. 190 (2007) 356–361] from Hilbert spaces to Banach space.     

水泵叶轮的自动编程和数控加工

通过合理选择参变量,建立了叶片曲面的数学模型。文中采用等误差法,用直线去逼近刀具中心规迹曲线。并将边界面的法向等距面与叶片上各曲线的刀具中心规迹的交点,作为终止点,保证了叶片曲面与边界面的光滑连接。笔者完成了叶轮的数控加工并对数控加工工艺作了初步的探讨。