浸水预沉法在撒台水库工程坝基处理中的应用

浸水预沉法是处理湿陷性黄土的一种主要措施,该法投资少,效果好.以撒台水库工程坝基处理为例,主要从施工准备、浸水预沉、湿陷评价、注意事项等几方面进行了论述,为湿陷性黄土坝基处理提供一个典范,供同类工程借鉴和参考.     

对蒸汽驱几个问题的探讨

方法利用数值模拟法，研究了影响蒸汽驱的主要油藏参数和操作参数，并阐明了蒸汽吞吐与蒸汽驱及蒸汽驱与水驱、聚合物驱的相互关系。目的为了选择合理的开发方式，保证蒸汽驱有效的运作，提高原油采收率。结果影响蒸汽驱开发效果的油藏参数是油层净厚度、原油粘度、含油饱和度、油层非均质性、净总厚度比及油藏埋深；对于适合蒸汽驱的油藏而言，只有在注汽速度床注比、蒸汽干度均高于其临界值时，才能取得好的开发效果；地层原油粘度在很大程度上决定了油藏的开发方式，只有当地层原油粘度大于30mPa·s时，蒸汽驱才能比水驱更经济有效。结论在注蒸汽前，应对油藏条件做出充分评估，同时满足蒸汽驱操作参数，通过不同的开发方式评价选取最佳的开发方式。     

浅薄层稠油油藏资源二次利用的一种方法—加密井蒸汽吞吐

由于河南油田稠油油藏具有“浅、薄、稠、散”的特点，所以蒸汽吞吐平均6个周期后，开发指标和经济指标明显降低。蒸汽吞吐后剩余油分布为：100m×141m及五点法并网，剩余油分布较为集中，100m×100m反七点法并网，剩余油分布零散；经济分析结果表明：浅薄层稠油油藏加密井吞吐单井的经济极限产量为1200～1500t，当油层厚度大于5.0m、纯总厚度比大于0.5，以及单井控制死油区面积大于0．5×10－2km2，且死油区离边水距离大于150m时，可进行加密，加密井蒸汽吞吐采收率可达14％左右。不同并网的加密方式为：100m×141m及五点法井网，采用直并加密方式；100m×100m反七点法并网，采用水平并加密方式。     

盐浸条件下引气混凝土的盐类腐蚀破坏研究

长期处于盐水环境或埋于盐渍土中的混凝土工程经常受到土或水中易溶盐的腐蚀。本文采取盐浸的方式对长期处于此类环境下的混凝土性能损伤变化规律进行了试验研究,通过对盐类腐蚀破坏后的混凝土进行电镜扫描、EDX能谱分析与化学成分测定,对复合盐侵蚀作用下混凝土腐蚀破坏的机理进行了深入研究。试验结果表明:各类有害盐是引起混凝土性能劣化的重要因素,混凝土的盐类腐蚀破坏是化学侵蚀与物理结晶两方面作用所致,且引气混凝土的抗盐腐蚀破坏的能力比普通混凝土要好。     

陈皮最佳饮用方式探讨

陈皮是民间常备的消食导滞药品之一。通过测定陈皮中的主要活性成分橙皮甙的溢出量，对陈皮的最佳饮用方式进行探讨。实验结果表明，用矿泉水冲泡小金桔样品，并加冰糖为辅料煎煮15min左右，用温度较高的水在紫砂壶中冲泡2h后饮用较好。     

Enzymatic changes in pectic polysaccharides related to the beneficial effect of soaking on bean cooking time

BACKGROUND: Cooking time decreases when beans are soaked first. However, the molecular basis of this decrease remains unclear. To determine the mechanisms involved, changes in both pectic polysaccharides and cell wall enzymes were monitored during soaking. Two cultivars and one breeding line were studied. RESULTS: Soaking increased the activity of the cell wall enzymes rhamnogalacturonase, galactanase and polygalacturonase. Their activity in the cell wall was detected as changes in chemical composition of pectic polysaccharides. Rhamnose content decreased but galactose and uronic acid contents increased in the polysaccharides of soaked beans. A decrease in the average molecular weight of the pectin fraction was induced during soaking. The decrease in rhamnose and the polygalacturonase activity were associated (r = 0.933, P = 0.01, and r = 0.725, P = 0.01, respectively) with shorter cooking time after soaking. CONCLUSION: Pectic cell wall enzymes are responsible for the changes in rhamnogalacturonan I and polygalacturonan induced during soaking and constitute the biochemical factors that give bean cell walls new polysaccharide arrangements. Rhamnogalacturonan I is dispersed throughout the entire cell wall and interacts with cellulose and hemicellulose fibres, resulting in a higher rate of pectic polysaccharide thermosolubility and, therefore, a shorter cooking time. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Relationship between mass transport and the quality of cured hide

The advantages of mathematical simulations of the process of cured hide desalination are presented. Full three‐dimensional model is presented and then its one‐dimensional and a two‐dimensional special cases are considered and compared. In the case of one‐dimensional approximation, the solution can be obtained in an analytic form, while for the two‐dimensional case only numerical solution is available. A possible occurrence of a concentration shock is modelled, and a method of its prevention is proposed to reduce losses in the hide substance. The predictions of the mathematical model are then compared with experimental data and found to be in good agreement.     

均热炉烧嘴特性标定与改进

通过对均热炉单侧上烧嘴的热工标定 ,发现烧嘴存在着火焰过长 ,空气和煤气混合不均匀 ,使得炉内温度场分布不够均匀 ,既增加燃料消耗又影响烧钢质量和产量。针对这一问题 ,本试验采取了改变旋流砖和旋流叶片角度的方法。试验表明 ,旋流砖旋转角度由 2 0°改为 30°后 ,炉内温度分布更加均匀。最高点与最低点的温度差由原来的 81 4 9℃减少至 52 2 4℃ ,减少了2 9 2 5℃。炉气和烟气中不完全燃烧产物减少     

针织用丝浸泡效果分析

通过常规工艺对生丝进行浸泡处理,然后测试分析其浸泡效果。文中介绍和讨论了选用不同助剂和试验方法的结果,并着重指出杨氏模量波动——柔软度不匀,是织物疵点形成的主要原因之一,而缫丝卷绕张力不稳定、生丝条干不匀,可造成杨氏模量波动。     

High-efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells with a novel In(OH)3:Zn buffer layer

We propose the inclusion of a novel In(OH)₃:Zn²⁺ buffer layer for fabricating high-efficiency CIGS solar cells. This buffer layer was deposited using a solution consisting of ZnCl₂, InCl₃·4H₂O, and thiourea. The In(OH)₃:Zn²⁺ films showed high resistivities of 2.1×10⁸ Ω cm and transmittance of above 95% in the visible range. We expected two effects due to this new buffer layer: first is the formation of a passivation layer on the CIGS surface and the second is Zn-doping into CIGS layer, resulting in the formation of a buried junction. A cell efficiency of 14.0% (V_oc: 0.575 V, J_sc: 32.1 mA/cm², FF: 0.758) was achieved by using an In(OH)₃:Zn²⁺ buffer layer, without the light soaking effect.