A social problem-solving model of adherence to HIV medications.

HIV medication adherence remains a challenge and limits the degree to which treatment benefit can be maximized. This study tested an explanatory model of HIV medication adherence using a social problem-solving (SPS) framework. Associations of SPS with adherence are hypothesized to be direct and/or indirect via psychological health. HIV+ adults were interviewed using validated measures of SPS, psychological health, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) medication adherence. Structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques were used to test hypothesized relationships and to evaluate overall fit of the model to the data. SEM supported an indirect association (but not direct) of SPS on adherence via psychological health among the 545 HIV+ adults included in the analyses. Overall, the findings resulted in a model of adherence that offered very good fit to the data and correctly classified 97% of the cases as adherent versus nonadherent. Results support the use of SPS as a conceptual framework for understanding adherence to ART. Findings offer rationale and direction for SPS interventions to enhance adherence by improving psychological health. Such approaches, if effective, have the potential to positively impact psychological well being and adherence, thereby maximizing clinical benefit from treatment, which is linked to lower mortality from AIDS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Children's use of frequency information for trait categorization and behavioral prediction.

Two experiments examined young children's use of behavioral frequency information to make behavioral predictions and global personality attributions. In Experiment 1, participants heard about an actor who behaved positively or negatively toward 1 or several recipients. Generally, children did not differentiate their judgments of the actor on the basis of the amount of information provided. In Experiment 2, the actor behaved positively or negatively toward a single recipient once or repeatedly. Participants were more likely to make appropriate predictions and attributions after exposure to multiple target behaviors and with increasing age. Overall, children's performance was influenced by age-related positivity and negativity biases. These findings indicate that frequency information is important for personality judgments but that its use is affected by contextual complexity and information-processing biases. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

建筑给水管的选用

介绍了建筑给水管的发展概况，并在分析各种管材特性的基础上，结合工程实践经验，提出了建筑给水管材的选用原则和应考虑的因素，以满足人们不断提高的生活质量要求。     

关于光纤涂层特性的研究

本文从涂层粘附力，涂层切入力，静态疲劳参数及色标保持力等几个方面，对ＡＴ＆Ｔ光纤所用的Ｄ－ＬＵＸ１００一次涂层及由其构成的ＡＴ＆ＴＤ－ＬＵＸ１００光纤的性能进行了实验研究。     

When Enough Is Not Enough.

Looft (see record 1972-02727-001) presented an excellent examination of the "belief in much today and more tomorrow" of the "more-is-good philosophy" so common in our culture. He cited invidious comparisons based upon "moreness" and suggested a "radical change away from the psychology of more toward a psychology of enough." What Looft's presentation lacks is emphasis on the clearly quantitative-versus-qualitative dimension perhaps implicit in his discussion. "Enough" is still based upon "muchness" rather than "goodness." In place of a psychology of more, in short, is needed a psychology of better. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Doctoral dissertations in clinical training programs: 1948-1953.

An analysis of the distributions of doctoral dissertations by school as well as a breakdown in terms of area of study, e.g., general, experimental, theoretical, or personality and social processes, etc. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Le Psychologue dans la Societe.

A recent sortie into the history of presidential addresses in C.P.A. turned up an interesting sidelight. Two of the first 4 presidents had chosen to discuss directly psychology's responsibilities to society (Line, 1945; Bernhardt, 1947); since 1947, presidential addresses have shown a predominant concern for scientific aspects of psychology with internal organizational matters of the Association receiving lesser but still substantial attention. This struck me as being curious. If it can be assumed that presidents reflect, to some extent at least, the concerns of the Association, it might be expected that there would have been more attention paid to psychology's obligations to society. Very clearly, the founding fathers saw C.P.A., not as an ivory-tower retreat, but as an organization with deep social responsibilities. Is Northway (1968) right in her contention that, following the War, many powerful psychologists retreated to their ivory labs and that the ivory labs have become ivory skyscrapers? Have we consciously changed our objectives since the 1940's, or have I misread the omens? My questions stem from doubts about our contribution to pressing social issues in the world or, in a more restricted way, about Canadian psychology's contribution to pressing Canadian problems. I don't, for a moment, accept the claim, put forward by a colleague, that C.P.A. is still playing tunes on its old Galton whistle. But, it does seem that, as a discipline concerned with the behaviour of individuals and groups, psychology in Canada has been unduly quiet about a number of social issues on which it has something important to contribute. What is more distressing is the number of social issues to which psychology should have more to contribute than it has. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Social Crisis.

I am bewildered at the fact that the pages of the American Psychologist reflect almost no awareness of the tragic social upheaval which is accompanying the efforts of the American Negro to win his political, economic, and no less important, his psychological integration with the remainder of American society. This crisis will not disappear because we ignore it. It will be resolved one way or another. The Negro has apparently turned his face from acceptance of his unhappy circumstances and is determined to fight for his human and Constitutional rights. I think it is time that we, as a profession, give recognition to what is occurring around us, that we discuss what our role can and should be, and that each of us, in our own communities volunteer our services and our knowledge to work towards a just and peaceful integration of the American Negro into the American society of the twentieth century. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Characteristics of interactional behavior in a psychotherapy analogue.

Ss discussed topics with an interviewer (I) whose comments were controlled by a motor response made by S. In Exp. I, there was less increase in silence over trials, more negative attitude toward the I, and longer delay after I responses when these were interpretations rather than reflections. With a choice between interpretation and reflection, several personality differences were found between Ss preferring one rather than the other of the two classes of I response. Ss in Exp. 1 requested an I response less frequently when he disagreed with them, but only under conditions in which Ss were told the I would try to influence them. Under influence instructions there was a positive correlation between frequency of I responses and negative attitude toward him. In Exp. 3, frequency of I response was maintained over trials only for Ss high on the Social Desirability Scale. The attitude of high SD Ss was more negative when emotional, rather than neutral, topics were discussed. (15 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of The Transmission of Schizophrenia.

Reviews the book, The Transmission of Schizophrenia by David Rosenthal and Seymour Kety (eds.) (1968). It is probably safe to say that this hard cover version of the proceedings of the Second Research Conference of the Foundations' Fund for Research in Psychiatry, Dorado, Puerto Rico, June-July 1967 (originally published in the Journal of Psychiatric Research) is the best introduction to the problem of the schizophrenias extant. It reports the contributions of 34 of the leading experts in the field and succinctly yet thoroughly deals with the genetic, social, cultural, interpersonal and interactional points of view. The reviewer found this to be one of the most stimulating books he has read in recent years. It should be in every university library and could be usefully used as a text in graduate courses dealing with behavior disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)