脂肪酸钠对丁苯橡胶聚合反应的影响分析

乳化剂脂肪酸钠的质量好坏对低温乳液丁苯橡胶聚合反应有很大影响。根据聚合反应实际情况 ,通过对脂肪酸的定性定量分析 ,并对分析结果进行处理 ,得出如下结论 :脂肪酸中酸比值为 1.3～ 1.7以及“烯酸 /饱和酸”为 5 0 %～ 70 %可作为脂肪酸质量合格的判据     

微波辐射技术合成3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠

在微波辐射下,以环氧氯丙烷和亚硫酸氢钠为原料、去离子水为溶剂、四丁基溴化铵为相转移催化剂合成了3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠;通过熔点测定和红外光谱分析对产物结构进行了表征;考察了原料配比、催化剂用量、反应温度、微波辐射功率、环氧氯丙烷滴加时间等因素对产物收率的影响。实验结果表明,微波辐射可明显促进3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠的合成,在 n(亚硫酸氢钠):n(环氧氯丙烷):n(四丁基溴化铵)=1∶1.4∶0.0078、反应温度85℃、环氧氯丙烷滴加时间20 min、后续回流7 min、微波辐射功率500 W、微波辐射时间27 min 时,3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠的收率可达85.8%。该方法具有操作简便、反应时间短、产物收率高等特点。     

Bombardment Induced Electron-Capture Processes at Sodium Halide Surfaces

Discrete features observed in the energy distribution of electrons emitted from ion-bombarded sodium halide surfaces can be attributed to a new type of collisional deexcitation mechanism. Such a mechanism involves sodium atoms in bombardment-excited autoionizing states that are the result of cascade collisions within the crystal lattice. This deexcitation process, in contrast to that for a metal, is not simply a consequence of the inner-shell lifetime of the initial collisionally excited sodium Na⁺* ion. Rather, the deexcitation consists of a sequence of lattice collisions during which the excited Na⁺* ion captures an electron to form the inner-shell-excited Na⁰* states responsible for the observed transitions. The formation of such autoionizing Na⁰* states is described within the framework of a new model in which excitation processes and localized collisional electron-transfer mechanisms are taken into account. These localized electron-transfer processes make possible new channels for electronic deexcitation, chemical dissociation, and defect production; they are critical for understanding inelastic ion-surface collisions in solids.     

改性纳米二氧化锡的摩擦学性能

考察了用油酸钠改性的纳米二氧化锡的摩擦学性能,结果表明,改性纳米二氧化锡能够提高基础油的抗磨减摩性能.     

NOX在氢氧化钠溶液中吸收速率的研究

通过实验对氮稀释气体中的NO_2/N_2O_4和NO/NO_2/N_2O_3在25℃时、在0.5M和1.0M氢氧化钠溶液中的吸收进行了动力学研究。当NO_2的浓度>2×10~(-7)mol/cm~8时,从排出的气流中观察到氧化氮的存在。故液体中的表面可能有酸膜存在。在此浓度下,NO_2的吸收速率与NO_2气体浓度的平方成正比。由此可以证实N_2O_4是主要的吸收和反应成份。生成的NO的三倍量与被吸收的NO_2的线性关系图表明,由N_2O_4水解生成的亚硝酸(HNO_2)实际上被分解成一氧化氮和硝酸。这是吸收器中存在酸性液膜表面层的有力证据。实验发现,N_2O_4一次不可逆水解的吸收速率常数H(KD)~(1/2)在25℃时为0.136m/s。这一数值远大于研究人员过去观察到的数值。在25℃的温度下,N_2O_3的一次不可逆溶解和水解的吸收速率常数H(KD)~(1/2)为2.71m/s,而Komiyama在1982年报告中给出的在15℃时的数值为2.55m/s。     

Inhibition of Oxidative Flavor Changes in Meat by α-Tocopherol in Combination with Sodium Tripolyphosphate

The effects of α‐tocopherol at 0.03%, sodium tripolyphosphate (STP) at 0.3%, alone and in combination, and STP alone at 0.5% on hexanal and sensory attributes of refrigerated cooked ground turkey or pork, with and without salt (1% NaCl), were studied. For turkey, a combination of α‐tocopherol with 0.3% STP was nearly as effective as 0.5% STP. Turkey and meaty flavor of samples from these 2 treatments did not decline; hexanal content and staleness scores remained low throughout storage. Slick mouthfeel and metallic aftertaste were less for turkey with the antioxidant combination than with 0.5% STP. In pork, STP alone at 0.3% adequately prevented oxidative flavor changes. α‐Tocopherol, when used with STP, provided no additional effect.     

饱和油酸乙醇酰胺硫酸脂盐的合成

本文以油酸为原料经过适当的途径合成饱和油酸乙醇酰胺硫酸酯钠，并测定其表面活性性能。发现此化合物具有较好的钙皂分散性和很好的起泡性，可以用于各种洗涤剂的钙皂分散剂和发泡剂。     

国内4A沸石的合成研究

介绍了4A沸石合成的几种方法及操作条件,并对各种路线进行了评价,推荐使用高岭土法。     

商品漂水的稳定性及其研究

对影响商品漂水的稳定性的原因进行了理论分析。对影响因素进行了初步的探讨，提出了提高商品漂水稳定性的方法：降低浓度，过滤，改善储存环境，提高粘度。     

顺式环氧琥珀酸氢钠的合成

以Na2WO4.2H2O为催化剂,在体积分数为75%的乙醇中用H2O2氧化马来酸,进行了顺式环氧琥珀酸氢钠合成的实验。采用单因素和正交实验的方法考察了反应时间、反应温度、催化剂用量和反应液pH等因素对顺式环氧琥珀酸氢钠收率的影响。实验结果表明,各因素对产物收率影响的显著性顺序:反应时间>反应温度>反应液pH>催化剂用量。最佳的合成条件:马来酸11.610g,H2O2(体积分数30%)15mL,催化剂用量0.495g,反应温度65℃,反应时间3h,反应液pH为3.5。在此条件下,顺式环氧琥珀酸氢钠的收率最高可达97.8%。