晶体硅薄膜电池制备技术及研究现状

晶体硅薄膜太阳电池近些年来得到广泛的研究和初步的商业化探索。根据所采用的晶体硅薄膜沉积工艺中温度范围的不同，晶体硅薄膜电池研究可分为高温路线和低温路线两个不同发展方向。本文分别从这两个方向综述了目前国外晶体硅薄膜电池制备技术的最新进展，最新实验室研究结果。报导了晶体硅薄膜电池商业化进展状况，指出了晶体硅薄膜电池实现产业化必须解决的问题。     

光催化氧化后四环素的分解率与COD去除率之间关系的探讨

以粉状无机半导体（ＺｎＯ）为催化剂，探讨了水溶液中四环素经光催化氧化分解率和ＣＯＤ去除率之间的关系。实验表明，在本实验中四环素的分解率和ＣＯＤ去除率之间有较好的正相关性。当反庆系统中有足量的活性催化剂和足够的光照时间时，绝大部分四环素将被较彻底地氧化分解成ＣＯ２，这不仅有助于光催化反应机理的研究，助于今后在环保中的实际应用。     

The traditional Yemeni window and natural lighting

The traditional Yemeni window is considered to be one of the most important elements that characterize the yemeni architecture. The beauty of the traditional Yemeni window comes from its four main components which combined the functions of view, lighting, ventilation, protection, and privacy. These functions can be controlled by the occupants according to their social and environmental needs. The four main components are the lower part (Taqah), the fanlight (Qamariyah), the wooden external overhang (Konnah), and the small vent (Shaquos). Since fanlights provide natural lighting during day-time, the area of the lower part can be reduced and its exterior shutters can be closed without the need for artificial lighting. The internal natural lighting that is provided by the upper and lower parts of the window was investigated to see its quality. In this investigation, there were two main goals. The first is the contribution and quality of the internal light provided by the Qamariyah when shutters are closed. The second is the effect of the internal simple white cloth curtains, in the lower part, in the internal light quality. Visual measurements were taken in a typical room of a traditional house of the Old City of Sana'a, Yemen. From the findings, it was found that the fanlights (Qamariyat) provide low and soft homogeneous internal lighting which was as low as 22 lux average. However, the occupants have the ability to increase level of lighting to as high as 600 or 700 lux. This can be done simply by deciding which shutter to open and how many of them to be opened. In this paper, the methodology and findings will be presented and discussed.     

太阳能热水器内表面电刷镀锌

用电刷镀的方法,对尺寸为2000mm×1000mm×0.8mm 的 A_3钢板电刷镀锌保护层;并对影响镀锌层质量的因素进行了充分的研究。     

Flexible and light weight copper indium diselenide solar cells on polyimide substrates

Thin film flexible CuInSe₂ (CIS) solar cells have been fabricated for the first time on light-weight polymeric substrates. Evaporated Cu---In alloy precursors were selenized in H₂Se atmosphere at around 400°C to grow the CIS absorber layers. Low temperature techniques which are compatible with the polymeric substrates were used to deposit the window layers of CdS and ZnO. The demonstrated active area conversion efficiency of 9.3% makes this light-weight device very attractive for many terrestrial and space power generation applications where high specific power and mechanical flexibility are needed.     

Heat and Moisture Transfer in Wet Sand Exposed to Solar Radiation—Models and Experiments Concerning Buried Objects

One promising method of locating buried objects, such as land mines, is to use optical systems for detecting contrasts in surface temperature. With enhanced knowledge about the interacting physical processes behind these temperature contrasts, it is possible to improve detection precision. In such a context, moisture movement in the soil and moisture evaporation from the surface have been found to be of particular interest. This study was based on indoor experiments on wet and dry sand exposed to radiation from a solar panel. Simulations of heat and moisture transfer conducted with a one-dimensional model are also presented for the experiments. The calculations were successful in accurately predicting surface temperatures for both wet and dry sand, making it possible to predict surface temperatures under different conditions. These findings will contribute to increasing the probability of successful detection of buried objects under real conditions using optical methods.     

Does the use of Solar Home Systems (SHS) contribute to climate protection?

The paper addresses planners and decision-makers in the field of international development cooperation and also institutions concerned with the impacts of project- and technology promotion. The primary aim of the dissemination of Solar Home Systems (SHS) in off grid areas in developing countries is to improve the living conditions of the population in a cost–effective manner. A large-scale dissemination is essential both for significant contributions to development and for climate effectiveness. However, the contribution of SHS to climate protection is disputed. This analysis presents the most important parameters affecting the contribution of SHS to climate protection and quantifies the influence of those parameters. The case considered presupposes the commercial dissemination of SHS. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are affected by the marketing decisions of the supplier of SHS. With regard to the impact on GHG emissions, a comparison is made between traditional lighting with petroleum lamps and the use of dry cell batteries to operate small devices (baseline case) on the one hand and SHSs on the other. The comparison shows GHG savings of around 9 tonnes of CO₂ equivalent GHG emissions within a 20-year period of use of one single 50 Wp SHS compared with the baseline case. The result is robust with respect to variations in GHG-affecting variables. Petroleum consumption and dry cell batteries dominate GHG emissions balances to such an extent that scarcely any importance can be attached to GHG emissions from the transportation and manufacture of SHS. Therefore, it is permissible to use simplified GHG inventories which ignore the GHG emissions arising from the transportation and manufacture of SHS. Therefore the conclusion is, if SHS are commercially disseminated and used cost efficiently to substitute kerosene and dry cell batteries they reduce GHG emissions effectively. In that case SHS can make a significant contribution to climate protection by the dissemination of large numbers.     

太阳能热风发电技术研究进展

介绍了太阳能热风发电的产生背景、技术原理和特点。太阳能热风发电能够实现由太阳能到空气动能,最终到电能的转变,具有环保无污染、运行维护简单、缓解常规能源消耗等特点。简要介绍世界上第1座试验性质的太阳能热风发电站。对太阳能热风发电技术相关研究历程从试验研究和理论研究2个方面做了综述,重点介绍了澳大利亚电站的建设进展及最新相关学术研究进展,包括过渡段理论及试验研究、系统数值模拟和太阳能热风发电技术在高山地区的应用等。介绍我国太阳能资源情况,指出我国太阳能资源丰富,适合建造大型太阳能热风发电站。     

探讨低收入阶层住区建设的公共政策

探讨了低收入阶层住区建设的现状及弊端，从旧城改造、新城建设及住房政策三方面对解决低收入阶层住区建设问题的对策进行了研究，以妥善解决低收入阶层的住房问题，从而达到构建和谐社会的目的。     

Charge transfer resistance of spray deposited and compressed counter electrodes for dye-sensitized nanoparticle solar cells on plastic substrates

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to determine the effective charge transfer resistances of porous dye-sensitized solar cell counter electrodes prepared by low-temperature spray deposition and compression of conductive carbon and platinized Sb-doped SnO₂ powders on indium tin oxide-coated plastic substrates. The charge transfer resistances were 0.5–2 and 8–13 Ω cm², respectively, when using 3-methoxypropionitrile as the electrolyte solvent. The manufacturing method used lends itself to produce mechanically stable and even-quality electrodes in an easy and fast manner.