硅太阳能电池片焊接不良分析及对策

太阳能电池是一种清洁高效的新能源,目前在国内外已得到大力发展和推广。在电池片进行焊接过程中,经常会出现焊接不上或焊接不牢固等缺陷,本文就焊接过程中出现的焊接缺陷进行分析,并提出几种解决对策,以提高太阳能电池片焊接的可靠性。     

油田站外单管集油辅助工艺对比

为了解决部分油井无法单管输送的问题,采用PIPESIM模拟软件对不同含水率、不同集输半径和不同产液量油井的集输管线进行计算分析,同时结合各油田单管集输设计经验,得出中质原油站外系统单管集油工艺改造的技术界限,而对于达不到技术界限的油井,可以通过辅助措施实现单管集油,通过对比电磁加热器、空气源热泵、管道内置电伴热、井口气电加热器、油井保温隔热油管、地热、太阳能光热技术及井口加药等单管辅助措施的原理及工艺特点,最终确定在不同工况条件下的辅助单管集输措施,为油田站外单管集输工艺选择和优化提供了理论依据。     

PSO_SVM算法在太阳能电池板裂缝缺陷检测研究

针对太阳能电池板在生产过程中出现的裂缝问题,在太阳能电池板缺陷数据集有限的条件下,提出应用粒子群算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO)优化支持向量机(support vector machines,SVM)的太阳能电池板裂缝缺陷检测算法。首先,为减少图像采集过程中由电致发光(electroluminescence,EL)检测产生的光照分布不均影响,对太阳能电池板组件图像进行Retinex增强处理;其次,在频域上利用Gabor变换对图像进行纹理特征提取,以获取裂缝特征;最后,将各个太阳能电池板组件的纹理特征经主成分分析法(principal component analysis,PCA)降维后输入到PSOSVM系统中进行分类识别。应用该方法对600幅太阳能电池板EL图像进行实验,仅有1幅出现误检,分类识别准确率为99.33%。将该算法与决策树分类、极限学习机、卷积神经网络及SVM算法进行对比实验,PSOSVM获得最高识别准确率。     

Performance experiment on solar energy and air dual-heat-source heat pump system

The flat micro heat pipe array photovoltaic-thermal module was retrofitted into a photovoltaic-thermal evaporator, and then a novel solar energy and air dual-heat-source heat pump system was developed. The operation performance of the system operating in the solar energy mode (S) as well as the solar energy and air dual-heat-source mode (SA) was studied in detail. Studies have shown that: affected by solar radiation and ambient temperature, the role of ambient air in the dual heat source heating mode will switch between heat release and heat absorption, and the temperature difference between ambient temperature and backplane temperature fluctuates between -3.1—3.5℃; the SA mode was suitable for low solar radiation condition, and its thermal efficiency, comprehensive performance efficiency and COP were 56.7%, 81.7% and 2.38 respectively, which were 20.3%, 25.0% and 6.7% higher than that of the S mode; under the high solar radiation condition, the SA mode would accelerate the heat dissipation of the system, but it could improve the electrical performance of the system. According to the above characteristics, it would get the better operation performance operating in SA mode when the backplane temperature was lower than the ambient temperature as well as operating in S mode when the backplane temperature was higher than the ambient temperature.     

Preparation and optical properties of Nb-NbN multilayer films as solar selective absorptive coatings

Based on the cermet double layer structure, Nb-NbN multi-layer films for solar selective coatings were deposited by direct current reactive magnetron sputtering. The Nb/Nb-NbN/Al2O3 trilayered structure was deposited on a stainless steel (SS) substrate by using a single niobium target. The expected components were adjusted by changing the gas flowing ratios of Ar: N2. The Al2O3 antireflective layer on the top of the film was produced by r. f. magnetron sputtering using Al2O3 ceramic target. A solar absorptivity of 0.94 and a normal emissivity of 0.16 at room temperature have been achieved for the coating. Thermal vacuum aging to the samples was carried out at 350 and 500 ℃ for 1 h. The results show a good thermal stability. Microstructure and its dependence on temperature of the Nb, NbN and Nb-NbN single layers were investigated, respectively.     

Solar furnace surface treatment of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings

An original process of superficial thermal treatment is described. This process has been successfully applied to partially stabilized yttria-zirconia coatings (ZrO₂-Y₂O₃) to increase the lifetime of the thermal barriers. A thin superficial layer was melted, and morphological transformations were observed. A microstructural comparison between as-sprayed layers and thermally treated layers is presented.     

Preparation and characterization of TiO2 photoelectrode codoped with aluminum and boron and its application in dye-sensitized solar cell

Nanocrystalline titania films codoped with aluminum and boron were prepared by cathodic vacuum arc deposition. In the process, titanium alloy target was used under an O2/Ar atmosphere, and sensitization of films were carried out by natural dye-sensitized complex in anhydrous ethanol. The structure, surface morphology and UV-vis spectra of titania films codoped were measured by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectrometer. Theas-deposited films are found to be amorphous. The films annealed were examinedto be of anatase structure with orientation along the (101) planes, the averagecrystal size is in the range between 41 and 45 nm. SEM results show that thereare some pores in the codoped titania films, the optical properties of the dye-sensitized films were also measured which reveals that the spectral responses of films shift to the visible region. Under simulated sunlight illumination, the overall energy conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cell is 0.9%.     

1Cr18Ni9Ti超高强度不锈钢丝的微观组织分析

分析了超高强度奥氏体不锈钢丝在多道次拉拔过程中的组织变化。结果表明，当拉拔变形量大于30％时，组织中开始出现形变马氏体，且变形量越大形变马氏体数量越多，尺寸越小：并分析了拉拔时产生形变马氏体的原因。     

太阳能电池自动封装系统的研究

为了保证太阳能电池在恶劣的太空环境下能可靠运行，在太阳能电池布贴前，必须进行抗辐照玻璃盖片的封装操作，以达到保护太阳能电池的目的。抗辐照特性是空间太阳能电池区别于地面应用的太阳能电池的重要特征之一。抗辐照玻璃盖片的封装操作是空间太阳能电池方阵制造过程的重要环节。本文通过机器人技术与滴胶技术的结合，设计出一套太阳能电池自动封装系统，实现太阳能电池片的高精度定量喷涂和抗辐照玻璃盖片的非真空环境下的精确封装。文章详细介绍了设计要求、设计思想、系统组成、工作原理和实现过程，并分析了系统的技术特点。     

防雨帽对探空仪湿度测量影响的CFD研究

采用流体动力学方法研究了GL-5000P探空仪湿度传感器的防雨帽对湿度测量的影响.运用Pro/E对湿度测量系统结构进行建模,使用前处理软件ICEM对其进行网格划分,导入Fluent软件进行稳态和瞬态计算分析.模拟结果表明:GL-5000P防雨帽很好地防止了高空云雨滴对湿度传感器的影响,其兼具一定的防太阳辐射功能,但高空25 km以上防辐射能力减弱,甚至起相反作用;防雨帽厚度对太阳辐射误差影响较小,而其反射率影响则较显著;瞬态分析揭示了传感器表面的湿度场分布产生了时间滞后,且时间滞后常数随海拔高度的升高而增加,到27 km达到0.42 s.该研究为湿度垂直廓线的时间滞后修正提供了理论依据.