Synthesis of water-soluble single-walled carbon nanotubes by RAFT polymerization

Water-soluble single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were synthesized by grafting poly(acrylamide) (PAM) from the surface of SWNT via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The RAFT agents were covalently attached to the SWNTs by functionalizing SWNTs with in situ generated diazonium compounds. The product was characterized by means of FT-IR, Raman, ¹H NMR, TGA and TEM. The results showed that PAM chains had successfully grafted from SWNT by RAFT polymerization. The amount of PAM grown from SWNT increased with the polymerization time. The acrylamide conversion increased linearly with the polymerization time, indicating the “living” characteristics of the RAFT polymerization. TEM was utilized to image PAM-g-SWNT, showing relatively uniform polymer coatings present on the surface of individual, debundled nanotubes.     

微生物絮凝剂的研究及发展前景

对微生物絮凝剂的现状与发展趋势做了全面综述,包括合成絮凝剂的微生物种类,微生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理及其影响因素,微生物絮凝剂的提取方法等,并阐述了微生物絮凝剂的性质、特点等.     

Evaluation on steel bar corrosion embedded in antiwashout underwater concrete containing mineral admixtures

This study aims the evaluation of the corrosion of steel bar embedded in antiwashout underwater concrete, which has rather been neglected to date. To that goal, accelerated steel bar corrosion tests have been performed for three series of steel bar-reinforced antiwashout underwater concrete specimens manufactured with different admixtures and under different environments. The three series of antiwashout underwater concrete were: concrete constituted exclusively by ordinary portland cement (OPC), concrete composed by ordinary portland cement mixed with fly-ash in 20% ratio (FA20) and concrete with ground granulated blast furnace slag is mixed in 50% ratio (BFS50). And, the three different environments were: manufacture in the air, in tap water, and in artificial seawater.Measurement results using half-cell potential surveyor showed that, among all the specimens, steel bar in OPC manufactured in artificial seawater was the first one that exceeded the threshold value proposed by ASTM C 876 with a potential value below − 350 mV after 14 cycles. And, the corresponding corrosion current density and concentration of water soluble chloride were measured as 0.3 μA/cm² and 0.258%. On the other hand, for the other specimens that are FA20 and BFS50, potential values below − 350 mV were observed later at 18 and 20 cycles, respectively.Results confirmed the expectation that mineral admixtures may be more effective in delaying the development of steel bar corrosion in antiwashout underwater concrete.     

Effect of retempering with superplasticizer admixtures on slump loss and compressive strength of concrete subjected to prolonged mixing

To have concrete possesses the specified engineering properties, its slump loss has to be compensated somehow at construction site so that concrete could be placed and compacted properly. Several attempts have been tried so far to render concrete workable at construction site including starting with a high initial slump at the stationary plant, or retempering with water and/or with chemical admixtures at construction site. In this investigation, ASTM C 494 Type F superplasticizer was used for retempering concrete to restore its initial slump. Concrete mixes having an initial slump of about 19 cm were prepared and subjected to prolonged mixing with different mixing duration such as 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 min following an initial mixing of 5 min to ensure homogeneity. At the end of each mixing period, cube specimens of 15 cm were cast from concrete retempered to its initial slump level and tested at the age of 28 days for compressive strength. Results revealed that compared to the concrete retempered with water, those retempered with a superplasticizer admixture have yielded significantly higher strength regardless of the mixing duration.     

New Refractories Developed by the Ukrainian Research Institute of Refractories Named after A.S. Berezhnoy

The article gives an introduction to the Ukrainian Research Institute of Refractories and especially its R D and refractory products for the industries of iron and steel,nonferrous,glass and chemistry etc.     

Preparation of water‐soluble syndiotacticity‐rich high molecular weight poly(vinyl alcohol) microfibrillar fibers using copolymerization of vinyl pivalate and vinyl acetate and saponification

Water‐soluble high molecular weight (HMW) syndiotactic poly(vinyl alcohol) (s‐PVA) microfibrillar fibers were prepared by the saponification with various conditions such as amount of alkali solution, saponification temperature, and saponification concentration from copoly(vinyl pivalate (VPi)/vinyl acetate (VAc)) copolymerized using various VPi/VAc feed ratios. To produce s‐PVA microbrillar fibers having various water‐soluble temperatures for many industrial applications, the intrinsic viscosities, syndiotactic diad (S‐diad) contents, and degrees of saponification (DS)s of PVAs were finely controlled to 1.2–3.6 dL/g, 56.3–58.3%, and 91.4–98.3%, respectively. Through a series of experiments, it was found that the amount of alkali may alter the structure of the saponified polymers, primarily the DS, and the structural variation changes viscosity. That is, intrinsic viscosity was sharply decreased as the amount of alkali solution was increased. DS was increased with an increase in the amount of alkali solution. S‐diad content was increased with an increase in the VPi content. HMW s‐PVA microfibrillar fibers having S‐diad content of 56.3–58.3% prepared by the saponification of copoly(VPi/VAc) were completely soluble in water at 100°C. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1482–1487, 2003     

天然胶乳浸渍制品表面起皱的研究

对用化学方法制备的天然胶乳浸渍制品表面起皱进行了研究。分析了天然胶乳浸渍制品表面起皱的原理，确定了起皱剂的选择．同时对影响起皱的因素(增稠剂、预干燥规律)进行了研究。     

污泥调理剂

综述了污泥调理中常用的化学调理剂及其各自的优缺点,着重介绍了因具有安全、无毒、可生物降解、无二次污染等独特的性质而倍受人们的关注的生物絮凝剂。     

含三苯基膦结构可溶性超支化聚芳醚酮的合成与表征

以双（4–（对氟苯甲酰基）苯基）苯基氧化膦为A2单体,11,,1–三（4–羟基苯）乙烷为B3单体,通过A2＋B3方法合成了含三苯基膦结构可溶性超支化聚芳醚酮（HPEKKs）,有效地避免了凝胶化现象.通过改变A2/B3的比率改变HPEKKs的封端基团,并通过1H NMR和FTIR对其结构进行了表征.1H NMR测量羟基封端HPEKKs（HPEKK-OH）的支化度和氟原子封端的HPEKKs（HPEKK-F）支化度分别达到0.62和0.85.DSC测量HPEKK-OH和HPEKK-F的玻璃化转变温度分别为151℃和131℃.TGA测量HPEKKs在失重率为5%时热分解温度达到500℃以上.HPEKK-OH和HPEKK-F可以很好地溶解于N–甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N–二甲基乙酰胺和二甲基亚砜等多种有机溶剂.     

农产品质量安全：呼唤深入的交叉研究

论文通过回顾我国农产品质量安全研究背景和评述我国农产品质量安全研究现状,发现我国当前有关农产品质量安全方面深入的交叉研究非常少见.论文指出,对于农产品质量安全这样一个典型的复杂课题,不仅应努力展开跨学科研究,而且需要实现学界、政界和业界的密切合作.