GmIAA27 Encodes an AUX/IAA Protein Involved in Dwarfing and Multi-Branching in Soybean

Soybean plant height and branching affect plant architecture and yield potential in soybean. In this study, the mutant dmbn was obtained by treating the cultivar Zhongpin 661 with ethylmethane sulfonate. The dmbn mutant plants were shorter and more branched than the wild type. The genetic analysis showed that the mutant trait was controlled by a semi-dominant gene. The candidate gene was fine-mapped to a 91 kb interval on Chromosome 9 by combining BSA-seq and linkage analysis. Sequence analysis revealed that Glyma.09g193000 encoding an Aux/IAA protein (GmIAA27) was mutated from C to T in the second exon of the coding region, resulting to amino acid substitution of proline to leucine. Overexpression of the mutant type of this gene in Arabidopsis thaliana inhibited apical dominance and promoted lateral branch development. Expression analysis of GmIAA27 and auxin response genes revealed that some GH3 genes were induced. GmIAA27 relies on auxin to interact with TIR1, whereas Gmiaa27 cannot interact with TIR1 owing to the mutation in the degron motif. Identification of this unique gene that controls soybean plant height and branch development provides a basis for investigating the mechanisms regulating soybean plant architecture development.     

发酵性丝孢酵母处理精炼大豆油废水的工艺优化及动力学分析

在5 L搅拌式反应器内利用发酵性丝孢酵母处理精炼大豆油废水,并采用正交试验优化处理条件,通过极差分析得到精炼大豆油废水生物处理的较佳条件：温度28℃、转速300 r/min、进气量2 L/min和接种量10%。在该条件下运行36 h后精炼大豆油废水的化学需氧量和含油量的去除率分别为97.31%和89.09%,生物量和油脂分别达到9.27 g/L和51.9%。通过Monod、Tessier和Moser模型研究了发酵性丝孢酵母生物量增长和精炼大豆油废水的污染物降解,发现相比于Monod和Moser模型,Tessier模型更适合研究微生物的增长,并建立了发酵性丝孢酵母生物量增长的动力学方程式,所得到的动力学参数可用于评估含油废水生物处理反应器的设计和运行。     

大豆纤维含量对大豆/涤纶混纺针织物性能影响

为了研究大豆蛋白纤维含量对大豆蛋白纤维/涤纶混纺针织物的性能的影响,本文采用各种不同试验仪器对五种不同混纺比例的大豆蛋白纤维/涤纶混纺针织物的各种性能进行了测试分析。结果表明,随着大豆蛋白纤维含量的增加,大豆蛋白纤维混纺针织物的断裂强力有下降的趋势,大豆蛋白纤维混纺针织物的断裂伸长率随大豆纤维含量的增加变化不明显;当大豆纤维的质量分数高于50%时,大豆纤维/涤纶混纺针织物的顶破强力随大豆纤维含量的增加而下降;大豆蛋白纤维混纺针织物的撕破强力逐渐下降,尤其是在大豆蛋白纤维的质量分数为100%时,织物的撕破强力最小;大豆蛋白纤维混纺针织物的纵向、横向弯曲长度和织物的硬挺系数逐渐下降,大豆纤维混纺针织物的柔软性提高;大豆蛋白纤维/涤纶混纺针织物的起毛起球性逐渐增加,织物磨损时的质量损失率逐渐增大,说明大豆纤维混纺针织物的耐磨性逐渐下降,在大豆纤维的质量分数为100%时,纯大豆纤维织物的耐磨性最差。     

草甘膦对大豆超微结构及光合指标影响的研究

利用透射电镜和扫描电镜,研究转基因抗草甘膦大豆和非抗草甘膦大豆东农42喷施草甘膦后大豆光合器官叶片的超微结构变化,并结合叶绿素含量、光合速率的测定,对比分析了抗草甘膦大豆和东农42在结构及生理功能上对草甘膦的表现及结构与功能变化的关系.研究结果表明抗草甘膦大豆对草甘膦的胁迫可以看作是一种适应.它首先经过一个损伤期,然后进入修复期,最终到基本恢复,表现出对草甘膦的抗性.而东农42的光合系统及光合功能则被草甘膦所彻底破坏.本文对其原因进行探究,以期为转基因作物育种尤其是超微结构方面的研究及草甘膦作用机理的研究有一定帮助.     

提取方法对大豆油脂体组成及氧化稳定性的影响

以大豆为原料,比较缓冲溶液法、水相法和酶法3种提取方法对大豆油脂体提取率、组成、脂肪酸组成、磷脂、生育酚、ζ-电势和粒径的影响,以及对大豆油脂体氧化稳定性的影响.试验结果表明,酶法提取大豆油脂体的提取率(19.74±0.14)％显著高于缓冲溶液法(12.76±0.14)％和水相法(6.67±0.32)％的提取率(P<0...     

植物绝缘油碱炼工艺的优化

采用大豆油和菜籽油为原料,调整碱液用量和碱液成分,重点分析了碱液成分与皂液分离时间、水洗工艺、电气性能之间的关系。结果表明:最终产品的击穿电压高达70 kV,介质损耗小于0.5%。碱液成分的优化缩短了碱炼时间,降低了水洗用量,无损于植物绝缘油的电气性能,提高了产品的性价比。     

脉冲强光对大豆7S球蛋白理化特性、结构变化及潜在致敏性影响的研究

目的 研究脉冲强光处理对大豆7S球蛋白理化特性、分子结构变化及潜在致敏性的影响。方法 以分离纯化的大豆7S球蛋白为实验材料,采用Folin酚法、激光粒度仪法、圆二色谱法、荧光分光光度法、紫外分光光度法、酶联免疫吸附法探究脉冲强光处理后的7S球蛋白理化性质、结构特性及潜在致敏性的变化。结果 与对照相比(0 s),脉冲强光处理能够提高大豆7S球蛋白的溶解性、乳化活性和乳化稳定性,降低7S球蛋白的平均粒径;脉冲能量500和700 J时,随着脉冲时间的增加, α-螺旋含量呈先减少后增加趋势, β-折叠含量呈先增加后减少的趋势,而能量900J时,α-螺旋含量显著减少(P<0.05),β-折叠含量变化不显著;内源荧光强度显著下降(P<0.05),表明表面疏水性显著增加(P<0.05),紫外吸光强度增加,表明脉冲强光处理使7S球蛋白的结构发生改变。随着脉冲能量和脉冲时间的增加,7S球蛋白抗原抑制率呈先下降后上升的趋势,且脉冲能量700J时,其抑制率最低,为46.13%,这可能是7S球蛋白结构的改变导致其抗原表位发生变化。结论 脉冲强光处理能够改善大豆球蛋白的理化特性,且通过构象的变...     

Effect of the Interaction between Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Iron Limitation on Proteomic Profiling of Soybean

Elevated atmospheric CO₂ (eCO₂) and iron (Fe) availability are important factors affecting plant growth that may impact the proteomic profile of crop plants. In this study, soybean plants treated under Fe-limited (0.5 mM) and Fe-sufficient (20 mM) conditions were grown at ambient (400 μmol mol⁻¹) and eCO₂ (800 μmol mol⁻¹) in hydroponic solutions. Elevated CO₂ increased biomass from 2.14 to 3.14 g plant⁻¹ and from 1.18 to 2.91 g plant⁻¹ under Fe-sufficient and Fe-limited conditions, respectively, but did not affect leaf photosynthesis. Sugar concentration increased from 10.92 to 26.17 μmol g FW⁻¹ in roots of Fe-sufficient plants and from 8.75 to 19.89 μmol g FW⁻¹ of Fe-limited plants after exposure to eCO₂. In leaves, sugar concentration increased from 33.62 to 52.22 μmol g FW⁻¹ and from 34.80 to 46.70 μmol g FW⁻¹ in Fe-sufficient and Fe-limited conditions, respectively, under eCO₂. However, Fe-limitation decreases photosynthesis and biomass. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that cell wall organization, glutathione metabolism, photosynthesis, stress-related proteins, and biosynthesis of secondary compounds changed in root tissues to cope with Fe-stress. Moreover, under eCO₂, at sufficient or limited Fe supply, it was shown an increase in the abundance of proteins involved in glycolysis, starch and sucrose metabolism, biosynthesis of plant hormones gibberellins, and decreased levels of protein biosynthesis. Our results revealed that proteins and metabolic pathways related to Fe-limitation changed the effects of eCO₂ and negatively impacted soybean production.     

Combined Metabolomic and Quantitative RT-PCR Analyses Revealed the Synthetic Differences of 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline in Aromatic and Non-Aromatic Vegetable Soybeans

Aroma is an important economic trait of vegetable soybeans, which greatly influences their market value. The 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) is considered as an important substance affecting the aroma of plants. Although the 2AP synthesis pathway has been resolved, the differences of the 2AP synthesis in the aromatic and non-aromatic vegetable soybeans are unknown. In this study, a broad targeted metabolome analysis including measurement of metabolites levels and gene expression levels was performed to reveal pathways of aroma formation in the two developmental stages of vegetable soybean grains [35 (S5) and 40 (S6) days after anthesis] of the ‘Zhexian No. 8’ (ZX8, non-aromatic) and ZK1754 (aromatic). The results showed that the differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) of the two varieties can be classified into nine main categories including flavonoids, lipids, amino acids and derivatives, saccharides and alcohols, organic acids, nucleotides and derivatives, phenolic acids, alkaloids and vitamin, which mainly contributed to their phenotypic differences. Furthermore, in combination with the 2AP synthesis pathway, the differences of amino acids and derivatives were mainly involved in the 2AP synthesis. Furthermore, 2AP precursors’ analysis revealed that the accumulation of 2AP mainly occurred from 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C), not 4-aminobutyraldehyde (GABald). The quantitative RT-PCR showed that the associated synthetic genes were 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (P5CDH), ∆¹-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR), which further verified the synthetic pathway of 2AP. Furthermore, the betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (GmBADH2) mutant was not only vital for the occurrence of 2AP, but also for the synthesis of 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in vegetable soybean. Therefore, the differences of 2AP accumulation in aromatic and non-aromatic vegetable soybeans have been revealed, and it also provides an important theoretical basis for aromatic vegetable soybean breeding.     

面向吞咽障碍的大豆蛋白增稠剂润滑特性研究

为探究大豆蛋白作为面向吞咽障碍患者的食品增稠剂可行性,基于流变学及摩擦学的评定方法,采用MCR301流变仪测试不同质量分数大豆蛋白溶液的流变特性,在MFT-5000磨损试验机上开展软摩擦条件下不同滑动速率时大豆蛋白润滑特性研究,并与常见的淀粉类、黄原胶类增稠剂的特性进行比较。结果表明：大豆蛋白溶液表现出弱凝胶的性质,其溶液黏度随着大豆蛋白质量分数的增加而增大,且经人工唾液稀释后溶液仍保持较高的黏度;在口腔软摩擦的环境下大豆蛋白溶液表现出较好的润滑特性,其摩擦因数随着大豆蛋白质量分数的增加而有所降低;与淀粉类及黄原胶类增稠剂相比,大豆蛋白溶液具有更低的摩擦因数,其研究结果为吞咽障碍的功能食品开发提供了参考。