国际热核聚变实验堆磁体线圈终端盒的设计

线圈终端盒（CTB）是国际热核聚变实验堆超导磁体系统的重要组成部分，其内部组件的漏热常常是整个磁体系统的主要漏热源之一，在很大程度上决定着低温系统的液氦消耗量。本文从降低热负荷的角度对CTB内部冷屏、超导电流传输线、电流引线、阀及冷却管路、外部盒体的设计进行了详细阐述，为最终结构的确定提供了理论依据。     

Above-ground HTGR design for passive decay heat removal

The design of a small high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) for passive decay heat removal which could be located deeply underground was proposed previously. In the present work, analogue design analyses of passive decay heat removal for an above-ground long-life small prismatic HTGR was carried out to obtain the conditions for successful decay heat removal by radiation and conduction inside the reactor building, and by radiation and natural cooling by air at the outer surface of the reactor building. Sensitivity analysis of the peak temperatures of both the core and the reactor building after reactor shutdown was performed by changing the physical characteristics of the reactor regions. Enlarging the reactor building was found to be an effective way to reduce the peak reactor building temperature to within its design limit. By using the obtained condition for design parameters, the appropriate sizes of reactor core and reactor building were evaluated for some reactors. Consequently, criticality and burnup analyses for the proposed reactors were performed to confirm the possibility of designing a long-life core for the core size and reactor power which meet the condition of removing decay heat successfully. Using our design, all the reactors with 20 wt% uranium enrichment could be critical for over nine years.     

非凝性气体对汽-气稳压器稳压的影响研究

通过分析相间的传热传质过程以及非凝性气体存在时壁面蒸汽冷凝过程,建立了汽 气稳压器模型,研究了非凝性气体对稳压过程的影响,描述了稳压器的稳压特性,并将模型计算结果与MIT稳压器实验数据进行了对比。结果表明：当不含非凝性气体时,计算精度高,相对偏差在0.8%内,压力峰值为0.647 MPa;当非凝性气体含量从0增至20%时,计算精度相对减小,最高相对偏差为15.4%;压力峰值从0.647 MPa增至1.02 MPa。研究表明非凝性气体对稳压器稳压过程具有重要影响作用,随着非凝性气体的种类和含量的变化,稳压器内稳压过程发生显著变化。     

DNB后过渡沸腾传热计算模型

提出过渡沸腾传热的物理模型,建立相应的数学模型,对偏离泡核沸腾(DNB)后过渡沸腾的传热特性进行分析。根据实验数据确定关系式中的系数,得到DNB后过渡沸腾传热计算模型。将提出的理论计算模型与现有不同工况范围内取得的实验数据及已有计算模型进行比较分析,并对计算偏差进行统计计算。结果表明,本文模型计算值与现有实验数据符合良好;相对于已有计算模型,模型具有良好的适用性。     

含内热源球床通道换热特性实验研究

针对含内热源球床通道内的换热情况,采用电磁感应加热方式对由直径为3 mm、8 mm表面氧化不锈钢球组成的球床通道分别加热,研究球床通道内部的换热特性。通过对实验数据对比分析,得到球床通道内的功率分布情况和换热系数随热流密度、颗粒直径、工质Re的变化规律,并根据实验数据拟合得到球床通道平均换热系数的无量纲准则关联式。拟合结果与实验结果误差在15%以内,符合良好。     

基于OpenFOAM的液态金属铅铋三维流动换热特性数值模拟研究

铅铋快堆是第4代核能系统的主要堆型之一,但由于液态金属铅铋的热物性与传统工质如水、空气等有很大不同,假设流动边界层与热边界层相似的雷诺比拟原理已不再适用。本文在开源程序OpenFOAM中开发了基于k-ε-k_θ-ε_θ四因子模型的自定义求解器,考虑热边界层与流动边界层的差异性,对带绕丝棒束通道中液态金属铅铋的流动换热现象进行数值模拟,得到了速度、温度等重要热工水力参数的三维分布,揭示了绕丝对冷却剂流动传热过程的影响规律,并将计算结果与经典实验关联式进行对比,结果符合良好,证明了所用模型和程序的正确性。本研究可为在OpenFOAM中添加新模型、开发自定义求解器以及开展针对液态金属流动换热问题的计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟提供参考。     

秦山第三核电有限公司CANDU机组专项监督检查的实施和拓展

根据国家核安全相关法规的要求，上海核安全监督站在秦山第三核电厂调试阶段多次进行了调试专项监督检查；在运行阶段，拓展了专项监督检查的范围、内容和方法。本文总结了上海监督站专项监督检查的实施情况，以及开展专项监督检查的收获和体会。     

用反符合方法测量131I和133Ba的比活度

¹³¹I是核医学应用中较为重要的核素之一;¹³³Ba是1种电子俘获核素,对HPGeγ谱仪能量刻度和效率校准具有重要意义。利用4πβ(PPC)-γ(HPGe)反符合测量装置对上述两种核素的活度进行了反符合测量方法研究,所得到的比活度测量结果分别为1794.8（1±0.6%）kBq•g^-1（k=1）和502.8•（1±0.6%）kBq•g^-1（k=1）,与归一到相同参考时刻4πβ(PC)-γ(NaI(Tl))符合效率外推法的测量结果1797.6（1±0.5%）kBq•g^-1（k=1）和504.9（1±0.6%）kBq•g^-1（k=1）均在不确定度范围内一致。     

矩形通道轴向非均匀加热条件下的CHF研究

针对已有的计算均匀加热条件下的临界热流密度(CHF)的关系式,如Sudo93、Sudo96、Knoebel公式以及W3公式,加以非均匀条件的考虑,推广到矩形通道工况下,并用计算非均匀加热条件的沸腾长度法和F因子法对其进行修正。针对中国先进研究堆(CARR)的实际运行工况,运用修正后的计算结果与CARR的实验值进行比较。结果表明,通过F因子修正后的Sudo系列公式计算结果与实验值符合良好,从而能够较好地预测CARR的CHF现象。     

Thermal performance of various cross-sectioned rectangular minichannels with water-based phase change nano-suspensions

A numerical study is performed to investigate the influence of geometrical factors on the performance characteristics of a laminar thermally developing flow of phase change nano-suspensions in a rectangular minichannel considering axial wall conduction effects. The phase change material dispersed in the pure water is considered N-eicosane with the onset point of melting of 34.7°C, latent heat of fusion of 243 J/g, and particle size of 200 nm. The volume fractions of the phase change nano-suspensions are 2% and 10%, and the Reynolds number is in the range of 200 to 1500. To evaluate the influences of geometrical parameters on the cooling performance of the minichannel heat sinks, five minichannels are investigated, with aspect ratios (ration between channel height and width) AR_ch of 1, 1.25, and 1.5 and bottom wall thicknesses H_bw of 0.5, 1, and 1.5. The results reveal that the axial wall conduction significantly affects the heat transfer process of a flow in a minichannel at a low Reynolds number, and this effect is more remarkable with a shallower channel and a thicker bottom wall. Five performance indicators are used to systematically evaluate the heat transfer characteristics of the minichannels, including dimensionless heat flux at the bottom wall, temperature suppression, heat transfer effective ratio, heat dissipation of the extended wall, and figure of merit.