微机械装置的液体输送性能实验与分析

进行了微机构液体输送的实验研究。在分析了挤出各阶段的工作过程的基础上,分析了粘度对转矩、有效功和摩擦力等性能的影响,并实验测量了液体粘度对挤出效率和挤出时间的影响。结果表明:液体输送过程中,液体的粘度对挤出率和功耗等有显著影响,且液体粘度的影响存在一个最优点。在该点处,不仅可以实现较高的挤出效率和较少的时间,而且所用的功率、转矩较小,摩擦损耗也较少。     

热超导管式全玻璃真空管集热器的热性能分析

对热超导管作传热管的全玻璃真空管太阳能集热器的传热机理进行了分析,给出了其总热损失系数、效率因子、热迁移因子和瞬时效率的表达式.并通过实例将瞬时效率的理论计算值与实验测定值进行了比较,两者的相对误差小于6.74%.说明相关的计算表达式较好地反映了全玻璃真空管太阳能集热器的传热性能与特点,同时讨论了如何提高集热器的性能,其结论可用于该类真空管集热器的设计与性能预测.     

Precision of stereological planar area predictors

Total planar area can be estimated based on sampling by a lattice of figures (e.g. point patterns, line segments, quadrats). General formulae are provided for the approximation of mean squared errors. The approximation formulae are products of the boundary length and of a parameter that depends only on the sampling scheme. An R package is provided by the authors for the numerical computation of the mean squared error formulae. The speed of convergence of the mean squared error approximation is assessed on the basis of several simulations. Several sampling schemes are compared in view of the approximated mean squared errors.     

国际上LIMS的最新进展与发展趋势

本文介绍了在经济全球化和IT热潮下国际上实验室信息管理系统（LIMS）的最新进展和发展趋势，在仪器联结、仪器控制、光谱采集、光谱处理和化学结构方面的突破，以及生物科学与IT结合诞生出来的新学科－－生物信息学（Bioinformatics）。     

Renewable generation versus demand-side management. A comparison for the Spanish market

Conventionally the required instantaneous balance generation-load is achieved by adjusting production to fit variable consumer demand. Nowadays, a significant and increasing segment of generation is renewable. But renewable production cannot be scheduled on request since its generation is dependent on nature (wind, sun, …). In this context, demand-side management (DSM) would help since it would be advisable for part of the flexibility to be provided by the demand.The integration of renewable production and demand-side management (DSM), are compared in this work for Spain throughout 2008–2014. First a qualitative model, based on the linearization of the wholesale market, is employed to explore some hypotheses. A set of scenarios are then examined to quantify the main effects on the market.The results show that DSM exhibits the best performance in terms of economic efficiency and environmental sustainability, as well as for the reduction of load peaks and losses in the system, what suggests the convenience of promoting plans for the replacement of equipment with other more efficient as well as the implementation of real-time tariffs.     

加工高镍材料工件的刀具选用

高镍材料不会因为切削时产生高温而发生软化,因此在切削刃上会形成很高的压力。这样就可能引起刀刃因碎裂或变形而损坏。由于在切屑过程中,更强的材料产生更多的热,且导热性较低,因此形成高切削温度。大大增加了切削难度。     

Decoupling climate-policy objectives and mechanisms to reduce fragmentation

ABSTRACT

The efficacy of climate-change mitigation policy within the building sector is examined in terms of how fragmentation can limit the extent of mitigation actions that can be achieved in a timely manner. The policy and regulatory context for the building industry is examined in relation to the policy context for solutions and recommendations that will work for all parties. Based on this analysis, two substantive recommendations are made for improved policy design. Firstly, a decoupling of policy objectives and policy mechanisms is needed so that the policy-taking stakeholders (in design, development and construction) can reduce energy use in buildings more effectively. Secondly, policy-taking stakeholders need an explicit and diverse system in order to advocate for policy objectives. The major aspect of this work is the development of a new conceptual framework that ties together these recommendations into a continuous process of policy-making and policy-taking. This framework demonstrates an idealized system that operates simultaneously top down and bottom up, and the development of policy objectives is influenced by stakeholders of all kinds to further the goals of an energy-efficient, low-carbon built environment.     

Is nuclear economical in comparison to renewables?

The European Union is divided on the issue of electricity production. While there is consensus that generation technologies need to be low on greenhouse gas emissions, the question of whether to use renewables or nuclear to meet this power demand is highly controversial. Both options still require financial support and this is not going to change in the near future. This raises the question of where public money should be invested in order to achieve greater economic efficiency: into support for renewable energies (RE) or support for nuclear power plants?This paper sets out to answer this question. The detailed model-based prospective scenario assessment performed in this study provides the basis for estimating future cost developments. After discussing the existing support schemes for renewables, the paper compares these with a nuclear model. The comparison is conducted exemplarily for the United Kingdom (UK) at a country level and for the EU 28 overall. The recent state aid case for the construction of the Hinkley Point nuclear power plant (NPP) in the UK serves as the model for the nuclear option.     

Key challenges to expanding renewable energy

The key advantage of renewables is that they are free of direct pollution and carbon emissions. Given concern over global warming caused by carbon emissions, there are substantial policy efforts to increase renewable penetrations. The purpose of this paper is to outline and evaluate the challenges presented by increasing penetrations of renewable electricity generation. These generation sources primarily include solar and wind which are growing rapidly and are new enough to the grid that the impact of high penetrations is not fully understood. The intrinsic nature of solar and wind power is very likely to present greater system challenges than “conventional” sources. Within limits, those challenges can be overcome, but at a cost. Later sections of the paper will draw on a variety of sources to identify a range of such costs, at least as they are foreseen by researchers helping prepare ambitious plans for grids to obtain high shares (30–50%) of their megawatt hours from primarily solar and wind generation. Energy poverty issues are outlined and related to renewable costs issues.     

Effect of processing route on the properties of Ni-based catalytic filters obtained from natural amorphous silica fibers

In this work catalytic fibrous filters were produced through two distinct processing routes from natural amorphous silica fibers (NASF) and Ni(NO₃)₂ solution (wet route) and NiO (dry route) as catalyst precursors. The Ni–SiO₂ fibers were characterized for X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscope, particle size distribution, specific surface area, nickel contents, porosity, tortuosity, permeability, compressive strength, degree of dispersion, filtration and gas conversion efficiency. Morphological characterization revealed that Ni from wet route was distributed over the silica fibers with significantly lower particle size than the Ni produced through the dry route. Both methods led to a homogeneous distribution of Ni. The catalytic fibrous filter obtained from the dry route showed higher conversion efficiency for both propylene and propane, especially at high temperatures, due to the higher degree of dispersion of Ni particles over the NASF surfaces.