基于FIB-SEM制备尖晶石微米颗粒的球差校正透射电镜样品

针对尖晶石微米颗粒材料,利用聚焦离子束扫描电镜双束系统(FIB-SEM),在传统透射电镜样品制备方法的基础上进行技术性改进,成功制备了高质量的球差校正透射电镜样品.并利用球差校正透射电镜成功观察到了尖晶石颗粒的截面原子结构,为更深入地研究尖晶石材料的结构和性能奠定了基础.     

丁二烯罐组扩建时的设计难点

本文对丁二烯罐组扩建时涉及的几个设计难点进行了论述,这些论述在一年多的平稳生产实践中已通过了检验,其对类似工程的设计具有很强的参考价值。     

球面波照射的双随机相位掩模光学图像加密

正的实函数图像通过双随机相位编码加密以后,在解密过程中,用光强探测器接收解密图像时,位于空域的第1块相位掩模不起密匙作用.针对这个缺点,在不增加系统元件的基础上,提出用球面波照射加密系统,并把待加密图像与第1块相位掩模分开.这样既能使第1块相位掩模起到密匙作用,其位置又能额外提供一重密匙.计算机仿真结果证明了其可行性.     

提升微波加热均匀性的新型电介质基底

介绍并分析了一种新型的电介质基底,旨在提升微波加热的温度分布均匀性。该基底为非轴对称结构,由FR-4环氧玻璃纤维板与氧化铝制成,其几何参数的选定是以降低球形介质样品的平均温升变异系数为目的。为探究电介质基底对微波加热均匀性的影响,采用球形马铃薯为研究对象,利用COMSOL Multiphysics多物理场仿真软件模拟微波加热过程,并计算马铃薯的平均温升变异系数。仿真结果表明：相比于不加载基底直接加热,加载电介质基底加热的马铃薯样品的平均温升变异系数降低了40%以上。最后,进行实验测试验证计算的有效性,实验结果表明：实验测试与仿真计算结果一致,温度上升曲线吻合较好,使用该电介质基底可以有效改善微波加热的均匀性。     

阻抗球涂覆均匀等离子体电磁散射的解析解

均匀无源各向异性等离子体介质中的电磁场是第一、第二类各向异性等离子体球矢量波函数的线性叠加,在阻抗球表面满足阻抗边界条件、等离子体与自由空间表面满足电磁场切向连续的边界条件,可得出各向异性等离子体涂覆阻抗球在平面波入射情况下,均匀等离子体介质中电磁场用各向异性等离子体球矢量波函数表示的系数满足的矩阵方程,进而得出散射场由球矢量波函数展开的展开系数和雷达散射截面.数值计算的结果表明:当阻抗球的半径趋于0时,其结果和均匀各向异性等离子体球对平面波的电磁散射结果相同.最后还给出了一些数值计算的结果.     

垂直电偶极子在地-电离层波导中场的球级数解

在非理想导电地面与电离层条件下,我们导出了ELF/SLF垂直电偶极子在球形地-电离层壳体中产生的电磁场的球谐级数表达式,采用一种加速收敛算法,算出了波导中的电磁场分布.根据计算结果,在SLF频段,地面与电离层之间的电磁场可理解为二个"行波"的叠加,且与SLF频段的球面二阶近似算法计算结果吻合很好.在ELF频段,壳体中的电磁场是驻波,其频率变化规律能正确反映出"舒曼"谐振现象.     

ー种新型宽角搜索喇叭馈源的赋形球形反射面天线

首先提出了一种由喇叭作为馈源的单反射面天线的设计方法,该方法不需求出馈源喇叭的相位中心位置却可确定出馈源最佳位置;通过数值计算发现：馈源相同、反射面口径大小相同的最大增益值时的赋形球形反射面天线比最大增益值时的球形反射面天线有较优良的电性能,可在垂直面进行宽角搜索;最后给出了计算结果及其分析。     

Competitive effects of free volume,rigidity, and self-adaptivity on indentation response of silicoaluminoborate glasses

Lithium aluminoborate glasses have recently been found to feature high resistance to crack initiation during indentation, but suffer from relatively low hardness and chemical durability. To further understand the mechanical properties of this glass family and their correlation with the network structure, we here study the effect of adding SiO₂ to a 25Li₂O–20Al₂O₃–55B₂O₃ glass on the structure and mechanical properties. Addition of silica increases the average network rigidity, but meanwhile its open tetrahedral structure decreases the atomic packing density. Consequently, we only observe a minor increase in hardness and glass transition temperature, and a decrease in Poisson's ratio. The addition of SiO₂, and thus removal of Al₂O₃ and/or B₂O₃, also makes the network less structurally adaptive to applied stress, since Al and B easily increase their coordination number under pressure, while this is not the case for Si under modest pressures. As such, although the silica-containing networks have more free volume, they cannot densify more during indentation, which in turn leads to an overall decrease in crack resistance upon SiO₂ addition. Our work shows that, although pure silica glass has very high glass transition temperature and relatively high hardness, its addition in oxide glasses does not necessarily lead to significant increase in these properties due to the complex structural interactions in mixed network former glasses and the competitive effects of free volume and network rigidity.     

Indentation cracking and deformation mechanism of sodium aluminoborosilicate glasses

Developing less brittle oxide glasses is a grand challenge in the field of glass science and technology, as it would pave the way toward new glass applications and limit the overall raw material usage and energy consumption. However, in order to achieve this goal, more insight into the correlation between the chemical composition and material properties is required. In this work, we focus on the mechanical properties of quaternary sodium aluminoborosilicate glasses, wherein systematic changes in glass chemistry yield different resistances to indentation crack initiation. We discuss the origin of the composition dependence of indentation cracking based on an evaluation of the deformation mechanism taking place during the indentation event. To this end, we use a simple metric, the extent of indent side length recovery upon annealing, to quantify the extent of reversible volume deformation. Finally, we also compare the compositional trend in crack initiation resistance to that in crack growth resistance (fracture toughness), showing no simple correlation among the two.     

A critical evaluation of indentation crack lengths in air

An extensive overview is presented of Vickers indentation crack lengths in ceramics in air. Measurement of such crack lengths is one of the most common and powerful assessments of the fracture properties of ceramics and the overview provides a critical evaluation of observed behavior as functions of material type and indentation load, and an extensive basis for comparison of results from new materials and analyses. The overview considers single crystals, polycrystals, transforming materials, glasses, and multiphase materials, including cermets, glass-ceramics, and tooth enamel. The coverage extends over structural and electronic ceramics, including oxides, carbides, nitrides, and titanates. The data are presented in a single format for ease of interpretation in terms of idealized indentation fracture and for inter-material comparisons; most data are unique to this work, but the results of selected studies from the published literature are included. The overview considers the precision and accuracy of crack length measurements and demonstrates a simple quantitative evaluation and ranking scheme for ceramic fracture based on load-adjusted crack length and cracking susceptibility. Indentation hardness and cracking threshold are also determined and related to the susceptibility. Material toughness is related to cracking susceptibility by fracture mechanics analyses: typical crack length measurements in air are shown to provide estimates of inert toughness with a relative uncertainty of ±50%.