Three dimensional particles identification and shape parameters research on coarse aggregates of asphalt mixture using X-ray CT images

In this paper a series of digital image processing methods were adopted for getting separated coarse aggregates from asphalt mixture specimen using high-resolution X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) images.The existing three dimensional (3D) particles matching methods based on two dimensional (2D) continuous cross-sections were analyzed and a new ’overlap area method’ was presented.After the 3D particles were extracted one by one successfully,the basic parameters of each aggregate:perimeter,area,surface area,and volume were calculated by chain code method.Finally,the 3D mass center coordinates and the sphericity index were introduced.     

球化剂种类对BGA焊球质量的影响

钎焊球是BGA及μBGA等高密封装技术中凸点制作的关键材料,球化剂种类是影响钎焊球质量的关键因素.在预热温度为500℃和球化温度为280℃,球化剂分别采用机油、重油、硅油和花生油时,采用切丝重熔法制作高密封装用钎焊球.研究了不同球化剂种类对63Sn37Pb钎焊球的球形度和外观形貌的影响.结果表明,花生油作为球化剂时,63Sn37Pb钎焊球的真球度系数值最小,钎焊球越接近真球形状,球形度越好,外观形貌也最好,球化效果最好.重油、硅油次之,机油最差.     

基于动态改变权重粒子群算法的球度误差评定

为了实现对球形工件球度误差的精确评定,在4 种球度误差评定数学模型 的基础上,对文献提供的两组数据采用一种动态改变权重的粒子群算法（PSO）进行计算, 这种算法在优化迭代过程中使惯性权重值随粒子的位置和目标函数的性质而更新。与基本 PSO 算法、最小二乘法、遗传算法和一种改进的PSO 算法进行了比较。实验结果显示,相 比其他方法,在最小包容区域法模型下使用动态改变权重粒子群算法得到的球度误差最小, 第1 组数据只需迭代30 代左右,约50ms 即可收敛,第2 组数据收敛也很迅速,且多次实 验显示其稳定性很高。因此,所提算法可精确快速地评价球度误差。     

快点火用氘代聚合物空心微球研究进展

氘代聚合物空心微球是惯性约束聚变快点火物理研究中亟需的一类靶丸。本文总结近年来国内外快点火物理实验中使用的氘代聚合物空心微球种类,介绍快点火物理实验对氘代聚合物空心微球质量的严苛要求和各类氘代聚合物空心微球的制备方法,重点阐述氘代聚合物空心微球质量的影响因素和研制进展,并指出氘代聚合物空心微球研制的发展方向。     

Sol-Gel Method Using Carbon Tetrachloride as Drop-Formation Medium for Producing Large ThO2-Base Microspheres

A method is described for producing large, spherical ThO₂ or (Th, U)O₂ particles by a sol-gel process. In the method CCl₄ is used as a sol-drop formation medium and ammonia as a gelling agent. Source sols used are lighter than CCl₄. So, sol-drops are formed in pure CCl₄ at the bottom of a gelation column. Thereafter they ascend in ammoniac CCl₄ with solidification of their surface and teach interface between the ammoniac CCl₄ and concentrated NH₄OH which is placed on the CCl₄ to complete gelation of the drops. For continuous recovery of the resulting gel-spheres from the interface, special devices are developed. By using this apparatus, large microspheres of ThO₂ and (Th, U)O₂ are obtained without cracking; maximum attainable diameters of sintered spheres are 1,000 and 1,300 μm, respectively. Their sphericities are less than 1.1 even for 1,000 μm diameters.     

基于骨料球形度的透水混凝土配合比设计方法

为提高设计精度并制备具有目标性能的透水混凝土,选择实际工程中的2种典型骨料,用Image Pro-Plus图像表征了骨料球形度,同时测试并计算了透水混凝土骨架结构参数;基于骨料球形度对透水混凝土配合比设计方法进行了修正.结果表明,基于骨料球形度的透水混凝土配合比设计方法可适用于粒形较差的宽级配骨料,能显著提升透水混凝土...     

球化温度对BGA钎焊球真球度及表面质量的影响

钎焊球是BGA及μBGA等高密封装技术中凸点制作的关键材料,球化温度是影响钎焊球质量的关键因素之一.本文采用自制切丝重熔法装置,以花生油为球化剂,研究了球化温度对63Sn37Pb钎焊球真球度和表面质量的影响.结果表明:在其他条件相同情况下,随着球化温度升高,钎焊球球化效果及表面质量越好,但球化温度过高(超过300℃),球化剂易产生浓烟,钎焊球易氧化.实验条件下,球化温度以300℃为宜.     

高速轴承陶瓷球的研磨加工

通过对ＨＩＰＳＮ陶瓷球的研磨加工试验,分析金刚石磨料的磨耗比;研究材料去除率、表面质量与磨料粒度之间的关系;探讨如何加工出高质量的高速轴陶瓷轴承球。     

基于几何搜索逼近的球度误差最小区域评定

结合球度误差的几何定义,提出了一种基于几何搜索的球度误差最小区域评价方法。首先,以初始参考点为基准,布置一定边长的正方体,依次以正方体的每个顶点为假定理想球心计算所有测量点的半径值,通过比较判断,调整正方体的位置及边长,最终获得包容所有测点的最小区域,实现球度的最小区域评定。在终止搜索条件为0.00001mm时,对同一组测量数据,该算法的结果比最小二乘法减小了0.6μm,并与解析法、遗传算法的结果相一致。计算过程及结果表明,该算法不仅能准确地得到最小区域解,而且计算结果有良好的稳定性。     

An experimental study of motion of cylinders in newtonian fluids: Wall effects and drag coefficient

The terminal velocity of several cylinders (of glass, perspex and stainless steel) falling with their axis parallel to the direction of motion has been measured in a series of Newtonian fluids embracing a 40-fold variation in liquid viscosity. The measurements have been carried out in fall tubes of four different diameters to elucidate the importance of wall effects. The experimental results encompass the following ranges of conditions: cylinder to fall tube diameter ratio: 0.08 to 0.4; length to diameter ratio: 0.05 to 2 and Reynolds number varied from 0.2 to 180. The wall effects are discussed in a manner analogous to those for spherical particles. Terminal velocity data are analysed using two approaches, namely, drag coefficient-Reynolds number relationship and a dimensionless velocity ratio denoting the departure from the behaviour of an equivalent sphere. Predictive equations have been developed using both schemes.