累积法圆和球拟合及在形状误差评定中的应用

针对圆度和球度误差评定中常用方法不符合国标定义或计算复杂的问题,根据普通累积法的优点．提出了运用普通累积法拟合理想圆和球,进行圆度和球度的评定．根据理想要素拟合过程中待求未知量的个数,运用变量代换,将非线性超定方程组转化为线性超定方程组：对变换后的超定线性方程组施加累积算子,进行未知数求解;最后用仿真实例进行了分析,并与CIRP方法进行比较．结果表明,累积法拟合圆和球具有较高的精度,切实可行,是形位误差评定中求解理想要素值得借鉴的方法．     

Simulation of the granular flow of cylindrical particles in the rotating drum

This study aims at unveiling the effect of particle shape on granular flow behavior. Discrete element method is used to simulate cylindrical particles with different aspect ratios in the rotating drum operating in the rolling regime. The results demonstrate that the cylindrical particles exhibit similar general flow patterns as the spherical particles. As the aspect ratio of the cylindrical particles increases, the active‐passive interfaces become steeper, and the number fraction, solid residence time, and collision force in the active region decreases. The mechanism underlying the difference is the preferential orientation, with particles of greater aspect ratios increasingly orientating their longitudinal axes perpendicular to the drum length. Also, particle alignment in the active region is more uniform than that in the passive region. The results obtained in this work provide new insights regarding the impact of particle shape on granular flow in the rotating drum. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 3835–3848, 2018     

两层纸浆射流叠加运动分析及其数学模型的研究

采用两相流体动力学的方法,对纸浆纤维悬浮液叠加流动时固液两相的运动规律分别进行了分析,并初步建立了表示两层纸浆叠加流动的数学模型．     

中国超细晶硬质合金及原料制备技术进展

超细晶硬质合金是WC晶粒度≤0.5μm的硬质合金,这类合金具有高强度和高硬度的优异性能。目前由超细晶硬质合金制备的高效刀具已经广泛用于航空航天、核能、汽车、发电设备、新能源和电子通讯等现代制造业。主要对中国超细晶硬质合金原料(例如超细碳化钨粉、钴粉、复合粉)和超细晶硬质合金制备技术、性能及表征方法作了系统的阐述。最后对超细晶硬质合金制备技术进行了展望。     

雾化介质对SnAgCu系无铅焊锡雾化粉末特性的影响

实验利用自行设计的超音速雾化制粉装置,研究了不同雾化介质对SnAgCu系无铅焊锡粉末有效雾化率、粒度分布及球形度的影响.结果表明:在一定雾化条件下,氦气雾化粉末具有最高的有效雾化率、良好的粒度分布,且球形度最好;氮气雾化的粉末具有较好的综合性能;与氦气、氮气相比,氩气雾化粉末综合性能较差;空气雾化粉末雾化率较高,但粉末较粗、表面粗糙.     

最小外接球的精确评定

本文把最小外接球的评定问题表述为非线性约束最优化问题,并采用有效约束技术求得精确的最优解。文章还对常用的线性模型的误差和适用性进行讨论。     

片状化石燃料的循环流化床燃烧(Ⅰ)——片状颗粒的形貌描述和流态化阻力特征描述

比较了不同球形度概念对片状化石燃料的描述效果,研究了片状化石燃料球形度变化对其流态化特征的影响.分析了Krumbein球形度为0.1-0.4的京西无烟煤在一台50MW循环流化床锅炉上表现出来的特殊现象,如运行床温和炉膛压力大幅度波动、依靠排放冷渣保持稳定运行,揭示了这些现象发生的原因.     

基于误差分离技术的圆度误差在位测量

总结了现有用于在位圆度误差测量的误差分离技术,并对经典频域三点法、时域三点法、频域三点法的近似实现方法和频域三点法的改进实现方法的测量特点进行了评述。针对球度误差没有实现在位测量的问题,将圆度误差分离技术引伸到球度误差分离技术,并在理论上进行了探讨。     

激光聚变靶丸球面经纬迹线优化球度测量方法

针对激光聚变靶丸表面3D全形貌的高精度测量与评价难题,提出一种基于激光差动共焦原理的靶丸球面经纬迹线优化球度测量方法。该方法采用经纬迹线划分方案提高形貌信息采样覆盖率,实现靶丸球面形貌高效高精度测量。首先,利用差动共焦测量系统对靶丸球面经纬迹线上二维圆周采样点进行精准定焦,获取二维轮廓信息;然后,利用精密三维位姿调整机构和正交回转轴系切换被测截面,获取覆盖靶丸全球面多条经纬迹线处的高度信息;最后依据建立的靶丸球面经纬迹线三维坐标转换模型,采用最小二乘算法对靶丸球度进行高精度评定,并对靶丸表面进行形貌重构。实验结果表明：测量57条迹线,被测靶丸的球度误差为1.946μm。该方法为靶丸表面全形貌高精度测量与评定以及定性观察提供了可行性方案。     

Optimization of degree of sphericity of primary phase during cooling slope casting of A356 Al alloy: Taguchi method and regression analysis

The present work presents the results of experimental investigation of semi-solid rheocasting of A356 Al alloy using a cooling slope. The experiments have been carried out following Taguchi method of parameter design (orthogonal array of L₉ experiments). Four key process variables (slope angle, pouring temperature, wall temperature, and length of travel of the melt) at three different levels have been considered for the present experimentation. Regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) has also been performed to develop a mathematical model for degree of sphericity evolution of primary α-Al phase and to find the significance and percentage contribution of each process variable towards the final outcome of degree of sphericity, respectively. The best processing condition has been identified for optimum degree of sphericity (0.83) as A₃, B₃, C₂, D₁ i.e., slope angle of 60°, pouring temperature of 650 °C, wall temperature 60 °C, and 500 mm length of travel of the melt, based on mean response and signal to noise ratio (SNR). ANOVA results shows that the length of travel has maximum impact on degree of sphericity evolution. The predicted sphericity obtained from the developed regression model and the values obtained experimentally are found to be in good agreement with each other. The sphericity values obtained from confirmation experiment, performed at 95% confidence level, ensures that the optimum result is correct and also the confirmation experiment values are within permissible limits.