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41.
In the present work, the ohmic resistance of an integrated planar-SOFC (IP-SOFC) has been evaluated by developing a model
whose equations have been solved numerically through an FEM method. The model allows to estimate the distribution of voltage
and current density in the cell. A comparison between simulated and experimental data of area specific resistance is reported,
which shows satisfactory agreement. The mathematical model has also been used to carry out some parametric studies for optimisation
purposes. Indeed, a reduction in cell pitch length and an increase in electrode thickness are predicted to lead to a reduction
in ohmic losses in IP-SOFCs. 相似文献
42.
Tooru Tanaka Toshiyuki Yamaguchi Akihiro Wakahara Akira Yoshida Ryoichi Taniguchi Yatsuka Matsuda Masatoshi Fujishiro 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》2003,75(1-2):115-120
Radiation damages due to 8 MeV electron irradiation in electrical properties of CuInSe2 thin films have been investigated. The n-type CuInSe2 films in which the carrier concentration was about 3×1016 cm−3, were epitaxially grown on a GaAs(0 0 1) substrate by RF diode sputtering. No significant change in the electrical properties was observed under the electron fluence <3×1016 e cm−2. As the electron fluence exceeded 1017 e cm−2, both the carrier concentration and Hall mobility slightly decreased. The carrier removal rate was estimated to be about 0.8 cm−1, which is slightly lower than that of III–V compound materials. 相似文献
43.
Haruo Mimura Ryusei Sato Yu Sasaki Yuichi Furuyama Akira Taniike Kazutoshi Yoshida Akira Kitamura 《International journal of molecular sciences》2008,9(10):1989-2002
Tributyltin (TBT) released into seawater from ship hulls is a stable marine pollutant and obviously remains in marine environments. We isolated a TBT resistant marine Pseudoalteromonas sp. TBT1 from sediment of a ship’s ballast water. The isolate (109.3 ± 0.2 colony-forming units mL−1) adsorbed TBT in proportion to the concentrations of TBTCl externally added up to 3 mM, where the number of TBT adsorbed by a single cell was estimated to be 108.2. The value was reduced to about one-fifth when the lysozyme-treated cells were used. The surface of ethanol treated cells became rough, but the capacity of TBT adsorption was the same as that for native cells. These results indicate that the function of the cell surface, rather than that structure, plays an important role to the adsorption of TBT. The adsorption state of TBT seems to be multi-layer when the number of more than 106.8 TBT molecules is adsorbed by a single cell. 相似文献
44.
In this study, a single unit of planar micro-solid-oxide fuel cell (μSOFC) is investigated numerically to evaluate the influences of flow channel design, oxygen composition, and thermal operating conditions on cell performance. Four flow channel designs are examined under the co-flow configuration: serpentine, double serpentine, rod bundle, and oblique rib. For all designs, the contacts areas of interconnect to electrodes are kept consistent to maintain the ohmic losses at the same level. To characterize the mass transport effects, there are three different compositions, 100% O2, 50% O2/50% N2 and air, fed to the cathode inlet. Different thermal conditions, adiabatic and isothermal, are applied to the outer boundary of the μSOFC and the results are compared. The outcomes suggest that both thermal conditions and oxidant composition show remarkable influences on μSOFC performance. Under adiabatic conditions, the rise of cell temperature causes a decrease in reversible voltage, deteriorating the overall cell competence. When oxygen is diluted with nitrogen, local gas diffusion becomes dominant to the cathode reaction. Bulk flow, on the other hand, plays a minor role in cell performance since there is little deviation in the polarization curves for all flow channel designs, even at high current densities. For comparison, the flow visualization technique is employed to observe the transport phenomena in various flow channel designs. The flow patterns are found to resemble the concentration distribution, providing a useful tool to design μSOFCs. 相似文献
45.
Anuradh Gunawardena Sandun Fernando Filip To 《International journal of molecular sciences》2008,9(10):1893-1907
Saccharomyces cerevisiae present in common Baker’s yeast was used in a microbial fuel cell in which glucose was the carbon source. Methylene blue was used as the electronophore in the anode compartment, while potassium ferricyanide and methylene blue were tested as electron acceptors in the cathode compartment. Microbes in a mediator-free environment were used as the control. The experiment was performed in both open and closed circuit configurations under different loads ranging from 100 kΩ to 400Ω. The eukaryotic S. cerevisiae-based fuel cell showed improved performance when methylene blue and ferricyanide were used as electron mediators, rendering a maximum power generation of 146.71±7.7 mW/m3. The fuel cell generated a maximum open circuit voltage of 383.6±1.5 mV and recorded a maximum efficiency of 28±1.8 % under 100 kΩ of external load. 相似文献
46.
47.
Qidong Cao Mark A. Mcknew 《International Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems》1994,6(2):155-172
A new optimization model is discussed for the design of cellular manufacturing systems. It is based on an integer programming formulation that updates some other models by eliminating redundant machine assignment and cost coefficients dependent on cell configuration. To reduce computational burdens, a simplified integer programming model and a decomposition algorithm are proposed. Several computer solutions were performed to evaluate the performance of the new model. The computational results are discussed. 相似文献
48.
Dr. C. R. Nagarajah W. Thompson 《The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology》1994,9(5):333-342
There are two aspects to cell formation in flexible manufacturing systems, cell sizing or deciding on the optimum number of machines to be allocated to each cell, and then allocation of specific machines to each cell. Although the latter problem has been investigated extensively there is a paucity of published work on the former. This paper discusses the effects of cell sizing on operational flexibility.Operational flexibility is that aspect of flexibility that enables manufacturing systems to respond with speed and efficiency to changes in the manufacturing environment while maintaining an effective level of control. 相似文献
49.
A series of experiments have been conducted using a recombinant baculovirus/insect cell expression system (Bm5/Bm5.NPV.CAT) to establish the optimum temperature for both cell growth and virus infection. Bm5 cell growth was found to be limited at temperatures below 22°C and ceased completely at temperatures above 34°C. In the range between 24 and 28°C, final cell densities always reached 96% of the highest achievable viable cell density. The shortest population doubling time was obtained at 28°C. Overall, a consistent increase in metabolism with increasing temperatures was observed. During the infection/viral replication phase, an increase in the temperature from 25 to 31°C resulted in a faster decrease in viable cell density and an earlier production of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). Furthermore, protein yield at temperatures above 28°C was significantly reduced. Overall, the best temperature for the infection phase for the Bm5/Bm5.NPV expression system was found to be 25°C when the cells are cultured in serum free media. 相似文献
50.
Various aspects on probabilistic modelling of cleavage fracture are discussed. The investigation involves consideration of
a unit cell with an explicitly modelled void. The results from this model are compared with results for the case when the
void content is accounted for in the sense of a Gurson-Tvergaard law. It is found that explicit modelling of the void can
give substantially different results for the fracture probability. The effect depends on the exponent in the assumed Weibull
distribution, the threshold stress, the constraint conditions and the hardening of the material.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献