Theoretical and Experimental Study of Water Transport in a Hollow Cylinder Applied to the Drying of Round Squid Mantle

ABSTRACT

Until now, attention has been focused solely in the drying of squid mantle from an experimental point of view, neglecting the transport phenomenon studies of water in squid muscle. This work studies the drying of squid mantle (Loligo brasiliensis), previously salted and smoked by liquid smoking (hickory extract), using a tubular dryer in closed cycle with a silicagel fixed bed in series. The mass transfer phenomenon during drying was studied, based on the Fick's second law, with the effective diffusivity supposed constant, which enabled an analytical solution to the problem. The drying curve calculated with the resulting equation was compared with experimental data. The model was applied to a hollow cylinder geometry (round squid mantle), with its internal surface isolated from the drying environment by a plastic film. The latter was given a tubular form and introduced inside the mantle cavity (impervious wall boundary condition).     

Fractionation of urea-pretreated squid visceral oil ethyl esters

Ethyl esters of squid (Illex argentinus) visceral oil contained 11.8% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 14.9% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The esters were treated with urea to increase the contents of EPA and DHA. The non-urea complexing ethyl esters of squid visceral oil contained 28.2% EPA and 35.6% DHA. This mixture was fractionated by molecular distillation to further increase the EPA or DHA content. The fraction collected in the 110°C distillate had an EPA content of 39.0% with 0.26 g/100 g of cholesterol, while the 130°C distillate contained 65.6% DHA and 0.42 g/100 g of cholesterol. Ethyl esters prepared from visceral oil of squid Ommastrephes bartrami had 4.5% EPA and 12.7% DHA. After urea pretreatment, the EPA and DHA contents were raised to 10.1 and 30.0%, respectively. When this mixture was further fractionated by molecular distillation, 16.9% EPA with 0.35 g/100 g cholesterol was found in the 110°C distillate and 52.6% DHA with 0.70 g/100 g cholesterol was found in the 130°C distillate. Cholesterol in the squid visceral oil ethyl esters was concentrated in the final residue of molecular distillation when the polyunsaturated ethyl esters were enriched by the urea complexation method prior to molecular distillation. For example, the cholesterol content in the ethyl esters from O. bartrami squid visceral oil was 2.28 g/100 g originally. It was enriched to 64.15 g/100 g in the final residue from the molecular distillation.     

Immunochemical and Immunohistochemical Identification of a Minor Collagen in Raw Muscles of Decapod Mollusks

ABSTRACT: Approximately 10% of total muscle collagen in 6 decapod molluskan species was recovered as minor collagenous fractions by limited pepsin digestion and differential salt precipitation. The main alpha components (α1) in these fractions showed similar peptide maps of V-8 protease and lysyl endopeptidase digests to each other and had reactivity to the antiserum against the al component of the minor collagen (named Type SQ-II) from Todarodes pacificus muscle in immunoblot analysis. These results suggested that the minor molecular species of collagen corresponding to Type SQ-II of Todarodes pacificus was widely distributed in the mantle muscle of decapod mollusks. In addition, immunohistochemical experiments revealed that Type SQ-II collagen distributed mainly in intramuscular thin connective tissue (endomysium), suggesting the functional importance of this molecule to the development of meat texture of decapod mollusks.     

不同淀粉在鱿鱼鱼糜制品中的应用

探讨了在鱿鱼鱼糜制品中添加不同种类的淀粉(玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、小麦淀粉和变性马铃薯淀粉)以及β-环糊精等对鱿鱼鱼糜制品凝胶性能、弹性、持水力、色泽、风味的影响。结果发现:添加淀粉能有效提高鱿鱼鱼糜的凝胶强度、持水力,但是会使色泽有所下降;而添加β-环糊精能提高鱼糜凝胶白度,但是对提高凝胶强度没有作用。     

鱿鱼肌肉蛋白肽的制备工艺优化及其抗氧化活性

以鱿鱼肌肉为原料,先考察了酶解时间、温度和加酶量对鱿鱼蛋白肽清除羟自由基的影响,再采用BoxBehnken实验设计和响应面分析对鱿鱼肌肉酶解工艺条件进行优化。同时采用清除自由基和小鼠体内抗氧化活性对抗氧化肽的抗氧化活性进行了研究。结果表明:酶解时间、加酶量对羟自由基清除率影响最为显著（p<0.01）,最佳工艺条件为:酶解时间6 h,加酶量0.07 g/10 g,酶解温度55℃。在该条件下,羟自由基清除率的验证值为90.31%±0.54%。鱿鱼抗氧化肽对DPPH·、OH·和O-2·的EC50分别为8.8、16.5和10.3 mg/m L。鱿鱼抗氧化肽高低剂量组的小鼠体内SOD活性分别比空白组高19.2%和14.2%。抗氧化肽高低剂量组小鼠体内的GSH比空白组提高了23.4%和14%。鱿鱼抗氧化肽具有较强的抗氧化活性。      

秘鲁鱿鱼烤制过程中的水分及质构变化

鱿鱼丝是现代人喜爱的休闲食品,烤制是鱿鱼丝加工中的关键工序,对鱿鱼的品质有重要的影响。本文主要研究了烤制过程中秘鲁鱿鱼的水分、质地、色泽的变化。结果表明,随着烤制时间的延长,秘鲁鱿鱼的水分含量和水分活度降低,损失的主要为中间水和结合水;烤制过程中鱿鱼肉的硬度、咀嚼性、粘着性均有很大程度的提高,弹性下降。      

乌贼墨多糖对环磷酰胺致小鼠卵巢损伤的保护作用

研究乌贼墨多糖对注射环磷酰胺所致小鼠卵巢功能损伤的保护作用。本研究用雌性昆明小鼠作为模型动物,以乌贼墨多糖作为卵巢保护剂进行灌胃,腹腔注射环磷酰胺造模,检测实验小鼠的体重、卵巢指数、血清中性激素水平以及卵巢的抗氧化指标,对卵巢进行组织病理学检测并统计各级生长卵泡数量。结果显示,乌贼墨多糖能够明显缓解环磷酰胺对卵巢的毒性损伤,降低血清中FSH水平（p<0.05）和LH水平（p<0.01）,升高血清中E2水平（p<0.01）,提高卵巢组织中SOD活力（p<0.05）、GSH-Px活力（p<0.01）以及GSH含量（p<0.01）,降低卵巢中MDA含量（p<0.01）,显著增加原始卵泡数、初级卵泡数、成熟卵泡数以及卵泡总数（p<0.01）。由此表明,乌贼墨多糖可明显抑制环磷酰胺造成的卵巢损伤,保护并修复卵巢的组织结构,为其开发成临床化疗的辅助药物提供理论依据。      

Box-Behnken响应面法优化鱿鱼复水工艺的研究

在单因素实验基础上,选取碱添加量、碱处理时间、碱处理温度为自变量,感官评分、复水比、可溶性蛋白损失量为响应值,采用Box-Behnken中心组合设计优化得到干鱿鱼复水的最佳工艺条件为:碱添加量0.33%、碱处理时间8 h、碱处理温度25℃。在此条件下,复水鱿鱼感官评分83.41、复水比2.96、可溶性蛋白损失量9.835 mg/g,与理论感官评分82.10、复水比2.89、可溶性蛋白损失量10.094 mg/g相比,其相对误差分别约为1.57%、2.36%、2.63%。说明通过响应面优化得出的回归方程具有一定的实践指导意义。      

响应面法优化酶解鸢乌贼制备抗氧化肽的工艺研究

利用响应面分析法对酶法水解鸢乌贼蛋白制备抗氧化肽的工艺条件进行优化。首先通过单因素实验最终确定木瓜蛋白酶为水解鸢乌贼蛋白制备抗氧化肽的最佳用酶,然后在单因素的基础上以加酶量、液料比、酶解时间为自变量,DPPH自由基清除率为响应值,建立二次回归设计模型,经修正后得到最佳酶解条件为:加酶量为0.66%(w/w),液料比为10.2(v/w),酶解时间为380 min,在此条件下DPPH自由基清除率为89.80%,与模型预测值相吻合。另外,氨基酸分析表明与鸢乌贼蛋白相比,优化后的酶解产物中必需氨基酸含量提高至原蛋白的2.2倍,蛋氨酸、色氨酸等抗氧化性氨基酸分别提高至7.2、25.6倍。