Ethics and information technology use: a factor analysis of attitudes to computer use

Abstract. In 1986 Richard O. Mason identified privacy, accuracy, property and access as four ethical issues for the information age. The research reported here sought to answer the questions: are these social issues empirically verifiable constructs? Second, what consensus exists on the factors? A field survey of 79 business professionals and students identified 12 factors which were grouped into five clusters: ownership, access, motivation, responsibility and privacy. These constructs identify additional dimensions and complexity to extend Mason's definition of key ethical issues. The importance of separating the computer user who experiences the ethical dilemma from the stakeholder(s) who deal with the consequences of the dilemma is identified. This study also demonstrates some consensus within the survey items. Consensus exists that it is unethical to profit from non-job, computer-related acts. Consensus also exists that personal use of company-owned information technology resources is acceptable. The other items show little consensus, identifying areas of necessary discussion within the computing professions to determine ethically consistent and appropriate computer uses.     

Transitioning to sustainable urban water management systems: how to define expected service functions?

Sustainable water management is a worldwide challenge for the twenty-first century. It involves replacing traditional management approaches with a new concept, often referred to as sustainable urban water management (SUWM). This paradigm shift means that SUWM systems must include new services, some of which have already emerged. However, no publications have presented the expected SUWM system in terms of the full range of services it would need to include, and no publications have proposed a method for identifying the services the system must provide. This paper proposes a method for identifying these services and presents a generic petal diagram to represent the service functions of the SUWM system. Moreover, this paper presents a new method for defining these services in a specific territory. This method is based on the confrontation between a general representation and the objectives of the stakeholders in a given system in a given territory. The method is illustrated with a full-scale case study on the Doua eco-campus (Lyon University). This method is intended to aid practitioners to manage its system and to transition to SUWM. It is designed to improve the transparency of decision formulation and to involve stakeholders in the process.     

以干系人管理“四象限法”破解国际EPC项目设计难题

针对中资企业在国际EPC项目设计中屡遭挫折这一难题,通过项目干系人管理思维及“四象限法”,识别出设计的关键干系人并划分对应象限,通过对其期望进行分析,发现设计与关键干系人之间的问题。针对问题,尤其是咨询工程师（最关键干系人）与设计之间的问题,给出了针对性的解决策略,即合同具体、交底充分、沟通到位、关系良好,从而确保设计及审批进展顺利,为解决国际EPC项目设计难题提供可借鉴的思路和办法。     

基于计算实验的施工单位安全生产违规行为演化研究

施工单位违规是施工事故频发的关键原因,针对事故单位普遍存在部分分包商资质不合格、安全措施不到位的共性现象,采用计算实验方法,抽象模拟施工单位的分包招标、施工安全生产这两种主要活动,并还原其与众多外部利益相关者的交互过程,构建多主体参与下施工安全生产系统计算实验模型,重点分析了外部利益相关者激励约束策略对施工单位两类安全生产违规行为的影响。实验结果表明:监理单位严格资质审核能有效遏制分包合谋;建设单位合理加大违规惩罚力度、引入安全奖励或政府安监部门提升检查处罚力度、加大事故追罚力度能有效遏制安全生产败德。     

主动配电网双层实时优化博弈研究

随着分布式电源(DG)的广泛接入及配电侧市场改革的不断深化,DG运营商成为配电网中新增的利益主体,研究DG运营商作为独立主体参与下的配电侧市场交易和竞价机制具有重要意义。文中构建了一个考虑DG运营商和配电公司不同利益主体需求的双层交易模型。该模型的上层为配电网购电策略的制定,下层为DG运营商根据配电公司购买电价所做出的出售功率响应。上层以电网的安全经济运行为目标,决策变量是从上级主网购买的电量,向分布式电源制定电价和负荷中断量;下层以DG运营商的经济收益最大化为目标,决策变量为DG运营商的最优出力。考虑到双层模型的耦合性,文中利用原始-对偶算法将双层优化模型转化为单层模型,并将非线性潮流约束进行二阶锥转化。算例分析表明所述模型可以反映主动配电网与DG运营商的利益博弈关系,并有效指导双方交易电价的确定。     

Optimising design decision-making for steel structures in fire using a hybrid analysis technique

Steel structures can be protected against the effects of fully-developed fires by the use of sprayed on materials, board systems and intumescent paints, etc. or by using sufficiently large unprotected elements. This paper presents how optimum decisions for the protection of steel structures in fires can be achieved in a performance-based design environment, given conflicting structural fire design decision criteria and multidisciplinary fire design stakeholder views. In particular, a novel hybrid analysis approach is proposed for combining stakeholder views on the different fire protection options and the numerical outcomes of structural fire analysis. As for the stakeholder views, reference is made to benefits and costs criteria priorities for assessing competing options resulting from a previous study from the same authors. The fire protection structural performance is numerically and probabilistically assessed according to a parametric study. The proposed approach is exemplified by making reference to a limit state structural fire design of single steel elements. A synthesis and ranking technique is then applied to integrate the qualitative results obtained in terms of benefits and costs priority scores; and the quantitative measures of failure probabilities and costs for the different fire protection options. The results show that the ranking technique accounts for multidimensionality in synthesising the structural fire design decision problem. The results also show that intumescent paints and board systems are the most cost-effective options in different stakeholder influence scenarios, given a general selection of steel structural fire protection. The hybrid technique is proposed to support an optimal and cost-effective structural fire design decision-making for buildings in a performance-based design environment.     

企业内部利益相关者、资源承诺与绿色供应链管理绩效关系

以珠三角地区108家制造型企业为研究对象,对内部利益相关者、资源承诺和绿色供应链管理绩效之间的关系进行实证研究.将资源承诺划分为财务资源和IT资源两个维度,将绿色供应链管理绩效划分为环境绩效和经济绩效两个维度.实证结果表明,内部利益相关者对资源承诺的两个维度有显著的正向影响,且资源承诺的两个维度均对环境绩效和经济绩效均有显著的正向影响;不同规模的企业在资源承诺方面有显著的差异;在绿色供应链管理绩效方面,不同规模的企业在环境绩效上有显著差异,但经济绩效并不存在显著差异性.根据上述实证研究的结论,从宏观和微观角度提出了相关建议.     

Exploring the complexity of hydrogen perception and acceptance among key stakeholders in Norway

This article explores the complexity of factors or mechanisms that can influence hydrogen stakeholder perception and acceptance in Norway. We systematically analyze 16 semi-structured in-depth interviews with industry stakeholders at local, municipal, regional, and national levels of interest and authority in Norway. Four empirical dimensions are identified that highlight the need for whole system approaches in hydrogen technology research: (1) several challenges, incentives, and synergy effects influence the hydrogen transition; (2) transport preferences are influenced by combined needs and limitations; (3) levels of knowledge and societal trust determinant to perceptions of risk and acceptance; and (4) national and international hydrogen stakeholders are crucial to building incentives and securing commitment among key actors. Our findings imply that project management, planners, engineers, and policymakers need to apply a whole system perspective and work across local, regional, and national levels before proceeding with large-scale development and implementation of the hydrogen supply chain.     

基于机会成本法的引洮工程水源区经济补偿研究

为确保水源区雨水富集功能,梳理了水源区补偿的相关研究成果,界定了引洮工程水源区范围及其可能的补偿形式,利用GDP与COD之间存在的相关客观关系,建立回归方程,求得水源区受限的机会成本。测算出每年应该补偿的金额为101897.25万元,其中工资福利费、税收和企业利润分别为61138.35、20379.45和20379.45万元。提出建立补偿制度、确定补偿主体和确立补偿的方式等政策建议。