Domain-oriented design environments

The field of knowledge-based software engineering has been undergoing a shift in emphasis from automatic programming to human augmentation and empowerment. In our research work, we support this shift with an approach that embedshuman-computer cooperative problem-solving tools intodomain-oriented, knowledge-based design environments. Domain orientation reduces the large conceptual distance between problem-domain semantics and software artifacts. Integrated environments support the coevolution of specification and construction while allowing designers to access relevant knowledge at each stage within the software development process.This paper argues thatdomain-oriented design environments (DODEs) are complementary to the approaches pursued withknowledge-based software assistant systems (KBSAs). The DODE extends the KBSA framework by emphasizing a human-centered and domain-oriented approach facilitating communication about evolving systems among all stakeholders. The paper discusses the major challenges for software systems, develops a conceptual framework to address these problems, illustrates DODE with two examples, and assesses the contributions of the KBSA and DODE approaches toward solving these problems.     

矿产资源的属性及对应权益分析

矿业有序发展需要建立一套能够激励矿业相关利益主体的机制,而中国的矿业管理体制受纯自然资源管理观念的束缚,忽视了矿业开发运营过程中所形成的特殊社会资源利益主体的权益体现。本文从矿产资源的概念出发,说明矿产资源具有自然属性和社会属性。伴随矿产资源开发运营而形成的特殊社会资源是矿产资源的自然属性和社会属性的结合的产物,其价值是由未知矿产资源到可利用矿产资源的重要组成部分,应通过产权制度安排实现其权益主体的利益要求。     

Participatory Bayesian modelling for sustainable and efficient river restoration projects: Feedback from the case study of the Gave de Pau River,Hautes‐Pyrénées,France

Through the diversity of criteria and stakes, the uncertain nature of the entailed phenomena and the multi‐scale aspects to be taken into account, a river restoration project can be considered as a complex problem. Integrative approaches and modelling tools are thus needed to help river managers make predictions on the evolution of hydromorphological, socio‐economic, safety and ecological issues. Such approach can provide valuable information for handling long‐term management plans that consider the interaction and the balance of stakeholders interests and river system functioning. In this paper, we present a probabilistic participatory modelling (PM) method that assesses the effects of given restoration actions, knowing the hydromorphological modifications that they may induce on the safety, ecological and socio‐economic aspects with the help of local stakeholders through several workshops. To support this strategy, we used Bayesian networks (BNs) as modelling tools as their causal graphs can combine multidimensional knowledge and data from diverse natures. We introduce the causal graphs elaborated with the help of the stakeholders and convert it into BNs that can assist restoration decisions by considering the available decision and utility functions to provide guidance to decision‐makers. This was applied to the “Lac des Gaves” reach in the Hautes‐Pyrénées, France, a reach that has gone through severe sediment extractions for over 50 years. Each network represents possible restoration decisions linked to one of the observed issues. The paper demonstrates how BNs used as a decision support system (DSS) can help to assess the influence of given management strategies on the river system with the consideration of stakeholders’ knowledge and integration in all the modelling process.     

园区综合能源服务相关利益方评价分析研究

随着能源服务多样性需求的提升和清洁能源的快速发展,开展满足多元化能源生产与消费需求的综合能源服务已成为能源电力企业广泛关注的重点领域。园区综合能源服务存在众多相关利益方,为引导综合能源服务的健康发展,亟需对参与运营综合能源服务相关利益方的积极度和贡献程度进行评价。通过建立指标体系,结合主客观分析方法,对利益方参与运营综合能源服务积极度和贡献程度进行评价,最后以江苏省南方园区绿色复合型能源网为例进行了实证分析。     

基于利益相关者的工程项目知识创造建模分析

由于工程项目组织具有特殊性,知识创造模型同一般企业有着很大差异,利益相关者理论的发展对工程项目知识创造的研究起到极大的推动作用,将两者结合起来进行深入的研究是解决工程项目知识创新问题的新基点。回顾了基于SECI模型的相关知识创造模型,在正确识别工程项目利益相关者的基础上,进一步分析各相关者的知识需求以寻找知识缺口,构建了基于利益相关者的工程项目知识创造模型并给出结论。     

利益相关者视角下黄石国家矿山公园协同治理路径

国家矿山公园治理是一项探索性和综合性强的工程,涉及政府、市场和社会等多元利益主体,需要形成一个以政府主导、其他利益相关者共同参与的协同治理格局。以黄石国家矿山公园为研究对象,运用利益相关者理论,分析核心利益相关者的利益诉求,即地方政府是为了推动黄石市矿业旅游和城市转型发展,矿山企业期望实现矿山的可持续发展,社会投资者渴望获得可观的旅游收益,社区居民期待改善人居环境,游览者希望获得良好的休闲娱乐和科普学习体验,最后提出了多元利益主体协同治理路径：地方政府引导多元主体参与协同治理,矿山企业合理利用矿业遗迹,社会投资者合作开发工业旅游市场,社区居民提升参与旅游发展的能力,游览者体验和提升工业旅游文化内涵。     

基于三方利益主体的山地城市大型聚居区规划研究——以重庆“二环时代”大型聚居区概念规划为例

基于政府、开发商和公众三方利益主体对山地城市大型聚居区规划进行研究可知,以重大项目为规划载体,通过重大项目的规划配置平衡各方利益主体之间的关系,并从技术层面和政策层面对重大项目的规划配置进行引导和控制,有助于实现各方利益主体的互赢和获得最佳的规划成果。     

基于利益相关者视角的绿色建筑建造成本风险研究

绿色建筑成本问题一直备受行业关注,且建造成本是绿色建筑成本增量最明显的部分。为有效管控绿色建筑建造成本风险,采用问卷调查、专家访谈与结构方程模型等方法,从利益相关者的视角探讨影响绿色建筑建造成本的关键利益相关者与关键风险因素。结果表明,设计单位对绿色建筑建造成本的影响最大,而监理单位对绿色建筑建造成本的影响似乎最小。此外,在风险等级划分上,关键风险因素主要与业主方、设计单位、施工单位相关。     

基于利益相关者企业社会责任的模糊综合评价

实现企业与社会的和谐发展,必须采用科学的方法。针对企业社会责任履行情况的评价,提出了基于利益相关者的企业社会责任评价指标体系,建立了基于模糊综合评价的数学评价模型,为企业社会责任履行情况的评价提供了一种科学实用的定量方法。     

电网建设外部环境中的冲突及应对措施

为了缓解电网建设外部环境冲突,构建和谐电网,从社会关注度、投诉率、上诉率三个指标的变化情况对电网建设外部环境中的冲突矛盾演变趋势及其客观原因进行了量化分析。通过分析提出可以采取3个方面的措施减少电网建设过程中的冲突：(1)完善考虑发展空间权的土地补偿机制,可以有效缓解当地居民的心理预期与现实之间的矛盾;(2)构建跨区域超高压输电线路的利益均衡机制,可以有效平衡电网建设利益相关者的利益分配;(3)提高沿途当地居民的谈判收益或成本,可以促进谈判协议较早达成。