电网建设外部环境中的冲突及应对措施

为了缓解电网建设外部环境冲突,构建和谐电网,从社会关注度、投诉率、上诉率三个指标的变化情况对电网建设外部环境中的冲突矛盾演变趋势及其客观原因进行了量化分析。通过分析提出可以采取3个方面的措施减少电网建设过程中的冲突：(1)完善考虑发展空间权的土地补偿机制,可以有效缓解当地居民的心理预期与现实之间的矛盾;(2)构建跨区域超高压输电线路的利益均衡机制,可以有效平衡电网建设利益相关者的利益分配;(3)提高沿途当地居民的谈判收益或成本,可以促进谈判协议较早达成。     

Public–private partnership projects in Greece: risk ranking and preferred risk allocation

Project participants, through experience, have an initial perception and predisposition towards risk and the types of risks they are willing and able to undertake. This is equally true for parties interested in public–private partnership (PPP) projects. These initial positions have been registered for the major Greek PPP market stakeholders potentially involved in a PPP arrangement through a survey covering all candidate construction companies, interested financing institutes and a number of public sector entities to be involved in PPPs. Findings revealed that stakeholders were, for the majority of risks identified, in agreement as to preferred risk allocation. Risk allocation preferences for construction companies were compared with similar findings for the UK, a mature PPP market, indicating a possible learning/maturing process based on the particular country background. Conclusions add to other surveys carried out on the subject and should enable public sector clients to establish a more efficient framework for risk allocation, thus reducing negotiations prior to contract award and minimizing the risk of poor risk distribution.     

What matters to people? Exploring contents of landscape identity at the local scale

ABSTRACT

Planning policies are drivers of landscape change and affect people’s identity related to landscape. An improved understanding of landscape identity can provide insights, with a view to steering policy and planning. The concept of landscape identity is useful to explore the interaction between people and their surroundings, making identification of the ‘content’ of identity a pivotal issue. This paper aims to understand the contents of landscape identity in relation to future planning at the local scale. The case study of the municipality of Palmela (Lisbon Metropolitan Area, Portugal) uses a qualitative approach (focus groups with community stakeholders) to collect the meaning of the contents of identity. The results show that there are multiple local landscape identities. Some contents of identity unite, whilst others divide the community of Palmela municipality. Acknowledging the relevance and the role of each content of identity provides knowledge that can be crucial for future planning decisions.     

参与式环境治理模式——论云南城市环境建设项目中的公众参与

在云南城市环境建设项目管理的实践基础上,对参与式的环境治理模式进行初步探讨,对云南城市环境建设项目的主要利益相关群体及其主体性进行浅析,提出在云南城市环境建设项目中开展项目目标群体参与、利用公众力量开展城市环境治理的有关建议。     

The bright side of linking science and management in large river ecosystems: The Hudson River case study

Large river ecosystems (LRE) are important components of global cycles, influence large parts of the earth's surface, and provide many services in support of human civilization. However, understanding their condition, functioning, and trajectory of change is difficult in part due to their scale and diversity of forcing factors but also due to multiple and potentially conflicting human uses. Although these challenges are generally applicable and probably true to some degree for any large river ecosystem, there are also attributes of LRE that foster scientific understanding, can lead to knowledge‐based management, and may catalyse their interaction. The absolute size of LRE means they will be complex, unique and the water quality, physical character, or habitat availability at any particular point may be the result of drivers acting further up the basin or legacies from previous times. On the bright side however, their absolute size also means there will be existing information on many important features, not least land cover and hydrology. Moreover, it is highly likely there will be a sizeable human population in the basin that derives some benefits from the river even if just in a narrow anthropocentric fashion and so there will be some motivation for understanding characteristics and potential change. Large size also suggests that the LRE will be viewed (perhaps with some basis in law) as a national or regional resource making it (at least nominally) worthy of study and management. I provide some examples of how science and management of the Hudson River in New York, USA, have benefitted from some of these perceived difficulties perhaps offering optimism for application in other systems.     

企业利益相关者利益要求程度的模糊检验

企业的利益相关者对其利益的要求总是处在一个比较高的程度。文章运用模糊数学中的模糊综合评判模型对利益相关者的利益要求程度进行实证分析,以得到证明。     

住房公积金沉淀原因及解决的动力机制研究

住房公积金制度是我国城镇住房制度改革的重要举措,对于保证职工住房消费的资金积累、提高职工购房支付能力都起到了重要作用.但在公积金发展中也暴露出了沉淀资金多、保值增值难等使用效率低问题.笔者将探讨问题产生的原因,对各利益主体博弈结果进行分析,找出解决沉淀公积金的动力机制.     

Project manager's perception of the local communities' stakeholder in megaprojects. An empirical investigation in the UK

Based on an exploratory study conducted in the UK using thematic and cluster analysis, this paper investigates how the local communities' stakeholder is perceived, defined and categorized by project managers in major public infrastructure and construction projects (MPIC), and how their involvement could improve the performance of these projects. Due to the perceived benefits shortfall of MPIC, well organized actions from ‘secondary stakeholder’ groups have led to delays, cost overruns, and significant damage to the organization's reputation. Stakeholder management is an essential process which aims to maximize positive inputs and minimize detrimental attitudes by taking into account the needs and requirements of all project stakeholders. However, current project stakeholder management mechanisms are reactive rather than proactive, mainly offering an instrumental perspective, which aims to make the stakeholders comply with project needs. Therefore, a broader inclusiveness of secondary stakeholders who could be harmed by the organization's strategy, such as the local communities, is required to enhance the performance of MPIC.     

Linking corporate social responsibility and organizational performance in the construction industry

In the construction industry, the subject of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is becoming increasingly important as communities, employees and socially conscious clients expect firms to demonstrate they are good corporate citizens. However, while CSR research in construction has accelerated in recent years, it remains fragmented and unconceptualized and there is little understanding of the relationship between CSR and organizational performance, the types of CSR strategies employed and the strategic motivations behind them. To address this deficiency in current CSR knowledge and drawing upon contemporary CSR theory, a survey of 104 professionals from across the construction supply chain in Australia and New Zealand was undertaken. The results show that CSR initiatives in the construction sector are integrative, isolated, narrowly focussed (mainly on environmental activities), immature, compliance-based and operational rather than strategic. The link between CSR and economic performance increasingly espoused (and assumed) in much of the CSR literature does not appear to be accepted in practice with the main benefits being seen as relational in building corporate loyalty, brand and engagement with both internal and external stakeholders. By empirically showing that CSR in construction takes place within an integrative conceptual framework, our findings highlight the potential value of theoretical concepts such as stakeholder salience in moving this field of research forward. These approaches recognize the power that stakeholders (both internal and external) have over a business and the need to manage those relationships carefully in order to secure a licence to operate.     

Charting corporate greening: environmental management trends in Sweden

In order to understand the long-term change processes, a longitudinal study of the Swedish construction industry is presented. This examines the long-term environmental attitudes and practices within this industry, particularly the trends and significant changes in corporate environmental management and performance. The results from three surveys undertaken in 2002, 2006 and 2010 indicate that environmental work is becoming institutionalized as a strategic part of the companies' business, environmental management activities and integrated within the companies' work practices. Also evident is a greater maturity and raised ambitions in companies' environmental actions. Legislative pressures have become a reduced driver; instead there is increased pressure from, and need for cooperation with, a larger variety of stakeholders and across disciplines. Environmental management systems have been widely adopted, meaning that practice relies on self-surveillance and voluntary actions. A consolidation of environmental management is observed within the companies, as well as an emerging business niche of environmental expert consultancy. The perceived effects on competitiveness and financial performance remain unclear, implying that there are other motivations for environmental change than financial and legal justifications.