Charting corporate greening: environmental management trends in Sweden

In order to understand the long-term change processes, a longitudinal study of the Swedish construction industry is presented. This examines the long-term environmental attitudes and practices within this industry, particularly the trends and significant changes in corporate environmental management and performance. The results from three surveys undertaken in 2002, 2006 and 2010 indicate that environmental work is becoming institutionalized as a strategic part of the companies' business, environmental management activities and integrated within the companies' work practices. Also evident is a greater maturity and raised ambitions in companies' environmental actions. Legislative pressures have become a reduced driver; instead there is increased pressure from, and need for cooperation with, a larger variety of stakeholders and across disciplines. Environmental management systems have been widely adopted, meaning that practice relies on self-surveillance and voluntary actions. A consolidation of environmental management is observed within the companies, as well as an emerging business niche of environmental expert consultancy. The perceived effects on competitiveness and financial performance remain unclear, implying that there are other motivations for environmental change than financial and legal justifications.     

The greenhouse gas regional inventory project (GRIP): Designing and employing a regional greenhouse gas measurement tool for stakeholder use

Regional and local policy-making on carbon reduction requires user-friendly greenhouse gas inventory and quantitative scenario tools. We present one such tool – the Greenhouse Gas Regional Inventory Project (GRIP) – and discuss stakeholder reaction to this interactive computer-based approach. We then provide results on a set of 38 stakeholder-led interviews that were undertaken using GRIP to explore prospects for achieving deep cuts (−60%) in CO₂ emissions by 2050 in the North West region of England. Seventeen energy stakeholders, despite being engaged in a professional capacity with the climate change and carbon reduction issues, struggled to find ways to reduce emissions by as much as 60% by 2050. This should worry policy makers in central government who consider that local and regional implementation of energy policy will be straightforward. Our findings, we argue, support a greater role for energy policy making at the sub-national regional scale in England.     

Designing Effective Public Participation Programs: A U.S. Perspective

Abstract

The key to effective public participation is to ensure that public participation activities are an integrated part of the decision making process. The author, a public participation practitioner in the U.S. for more than 30 years, describes a “thought process” designed to bring about this integration. There is no single public participation process suitable to all situations or all cultures. The key to an effective public participation program is to match public participation techniques to the public participation objectives you are trying to achieve and “the public” for this particular decision.     

Developing an integrated sustainability and resilience framework of indicators for the assessment of low-carbon energy technologies at the local level

Sustainability indicators have been broadly used to assess energy technologies both at the national and local levels. However, very few studies have addressed the issue of resilience of energy technologies. Moreover, there is a lack of an integrated framework that combines both sustainability and resilience indicators for the assessment of energy technologies. The aim of this paper is to present the development of an integrated framework of sustainability and resilience indicators for the assessment of low-carbon energy technologies at the local level in Europe. The selection of indicators is based on a modified ‘3S’ approach, composed of literature review, self-validation, scientific validation, and social validation. The study incorporates local stakeholders’ feedback on the selection and validation of evaluation criteria based on a European survey. The vast majority of respondents approved and validated the indicators that were selected through the internal and experts’ validation steps.     

公共项目决策标准研究

任何一项决策都是在一定价值观指导下的方案选择过程。目前对决策有较大影响的价值观有:功利主义、道义论及正义论。本文分别分析了这三种价值观的优缺点,并认为公共投资项目决策的价值观应该是功利主义加正义论。在此基础上,本文从公共项目利益相关者角度分析了各类利益相关者的利益实现机制。然而,社会公众在公共项目决策过程中处于一种特殊地位。这种特殊地位决定了公共项目的决策标准应该是社会公众满意,并对社会公众满意的实现机制进行了研究。     

大都市边缘区空间结构演变中的多元利益主体格局——以广州市大石街为例

大都市边缘区在由农业用地向城市用地转变的过程中,受到大都市的拉力与自身发展诉求的推力,形成了地方政府(镇政府)、开发商、村委会和村民等多个利益主体,由于各利益主体在空间开发中追求自身利益的最大化,导致城市建设无序、高层次公共服务设施缺失及忽略公共空间等问题.随着未来社会经济环境的变化、制度改革的深化和城市空间演变方式的转变,各利益主体的角色也将发生变化,逐渐演变为由地方政府(市政府)、开发商、市民组成的新多元利益主体.     

Does impact assessment meet stakeholder expectation: case study of POSCO project in Odisha

The USD 12 billion steel project of POSCO in Odisha, India, conceived in 2005, was to be one of the largest investments in the country. But the project could not materialize, and in 2017 POSCO withdrew from the project after a lot of controversies. For this classic example of a lose-lose situation, the role of impact assessment (IA) has not been discussed adequately. Using a single case study method, this paper analyzes various dimensions of IA exercises conducted for the project. These IA exercises failed to notice the complex livelihood systems and potential dissent among the people of the area. Stakeholders’ consultations were weak, IA reports did not highlight the negative impacts, and the potential loss of livelihoods was not noticed. Questions have also been raised on the legitimacy and authenticity of the claims made in these IA studies. However, the role of IA was also found be to be limited and the expectation from IA was also low. This negates the role of an ideal IA that should have been a comprehensive one and should have taken note of issues that are detrimental for the society, and particularly for the project.     

基于项目干系人的管理策略

一个项目的成功是由诸多因素构成的。本文着重论述一个项目管理不应忽视的问题———项目干系人的管理策略,主要涉及了如下三个问题:哪一个项目干系人对建设项目是最重要的,几种类型的项目干系人对建设项目产生什么样的影响,在努力满足项目干系人需求和期望的同时项目人力资源管理应该采取什么样的策略。     

中国食品安全追溯制度的构建探讨

食品安全追溯制度作为食品安全治理体系的重要组成部分,具有不可替代的作用和功能。我国在过去十余 年构建食品安全追溯制度的过程中,遇到不少挑战和困境,对构建怎样的追溯制度一直处于探索发展之中。本研究 梳理了我国目前食品安全追溯系统和追溯制度的发展现状,在此基础上对主要存在的问题进行了分析,进而探讨了 应如何转变对追溯制度的观念认识,理顺了追溯制度下政府、企业、行业协会等多方的角色关系,最后提出构建中 国食品安全追溯制度的建议。     

Towards a shared systems model of stakeholders in environmental conflict

Developing a shared mental model of stakeholders in conflict is a challenge in environmental conflict management. In this paper, we describe the development of a shared systems model of stakeholders in environmental conflict in the Transmission Gully project, a large‐scale transport infrastructure project in the Wellington region of New Zealand. Selected stakeholders of this project partook in generating this shared model, in the form of a causal loop diagram. This model was then analysed qualitatively to provide different insights into potential system behaviours.