基于改进花朵授粉算法与K-means算法的人体姿态库构建方法研究

为了解决现有人体姿态库构建方法存在的装备维修性仿真验证任务针对性不足的问题,提出了一种基于改进花朵授粉算法与K-means算法的人体姿态库构建方法。针对花朵授粉算法寻优精度不够理想的问题,将乌鸦搜索算法引入花朵授粉算法。提出了一种改进花朵授粉算法。测试结果表明：相比粒子群算法和花朵授粉算法,改进花朵授粉算法具有搜索范围广和寻优精度高的优点。为避免K-means算法易陷入局部最优解,将改进花朵授粉算法引入K-means算法,在提出个体编码方式与定义个体操作函数的基础上,设计了改进花朵授粉算法的计算步骤,使改进花朵授粉算法与K-means算法相融合,进而对装备维修人员的维修作业姿态进行聚类。提取各类中心数据,将其作为人体姿态库中虚拟人体的部位动作角度输入参数,构建了具有装备维修性仿真验证任务针对性的人体姿态库。仿真实验结果表明：相比基于粒子群算法与K-means算法融合的人体姿态库构建方法等5种方法,改进花朵授粉算法与K-means算法的融合方法具有寻优精度高和聚类效果好等优点,适用于装备维修性仿真验证工程实践。     

Within-school social comparison: How students perceive the standing of their class predicts academic self-concept.

Results from prior research indicate that a student’s academic self-concept is negatively influenced by the achievement of others in his or her school (a frame of reference effect) and that this negative frame of reference effect is not or only slightly reduced by the quality, standing, or prestige of the track or school attended (a “reflected glory” effect). Going beyond prior studies, the present research used both between-school and within-school approaches to investigate frame of reference and reflected glory effects in education, incorporating students’ own perceptions of the standing of their school and class. Multilevel analyses were performed with data from 3 large-scale assessments with 4,810, 1,502, and 4,247 students, respectively. Findings from all 3 studies showed that, given comparable individual achievement, placement in high-achieving learning groups was associated with comparatively low academic self-concepts. However, students’ academic self-concept was not merely a reflection of their relative position within the class but also substantively associated with their individual and shared perceptions of the class’s standing. Moreover, the negative effects of being placed in high-achieving learning groups were weaker for high-achieving students. Overall, the studies support both educational and social psychology theorizing on social comparison. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The implications of Big Five standing for the distribution of trait manifestation in behavior: Fifteen experience-sampling studies and a meta-analysis.

One of the fundamental questions in personality psychology is whether and how strongly trait standing relates to the traits that people actually manifest in their behavior when faced with real pressures and real consequences of their actions. One reason this question is fundamental is the common belief that traits do not predict how individuals behave, which leads to the reasonable conclusion that traits are not important to study. However, this conclusion is surprising given that there is almost no data on the ability of traits to predict distributions of naturally occurring, representative behaviors of individuals (and that there are many studies showing that traits do indeed predict specific behaviors). The authors describe a meta-analysis of 15 experience-sampling studies, conducted over the course of 8 years, amassing over 20,000 reports of trait manifestation in behavior. Participants reported traits on typical self-report questionnaires, then described their current behavior multiple times per day for several days as the behavior was occurring. Results show that traits, contrary to expectations, were strongly predictive of individual differences in trait manifestation in behavior, predicting average levels with correlations between .42 and .56 (approaching .60 for stringently restricted studies). Several other ways of summarizing trait manifestation in behavior were also predicted from traits. These studies provide evidence that traits are powerful predictors of actual manifestation of traits in behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

(De)stabilization of required and spontaneous postural dynamics with learning.

The present research examined how learning a new ankle-hip coordination influenced the preexisting postural repertoire. Standing participants learned a new ankle-hip coordination mode (relative phase of 90'). Before and after practice, postural patterns were evaluated in two different tasks. In the required task, specific ankle-hip patterns were requested (12 relative phases in multiples of 30'). In the spontaneous task, participants performed a tracking task in which no instructions about ankle-hip coordination were given. Learning induced changes in both required and spontaneous coordination dynamics. When ankle-hip patterns were required, learning led to improvement and homogenization in performance over the entire postural repertoire. When ankle-hip patterns emerged spontaneously, in-phase and antiphase preexisting patterns destabilized and changed toward the learned pattern of 90'. These findings demonstrate that learning a new coordination pattern can induce modifications of patterns that have not been practiced. The results also suggest that the consequences of learning do not generalize across different types of tasks, even when similar coordination modes are involved. We discuss implications of these findings for the generality of learning mechanisms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

实验小鼠运动参数的模板匹配及粒子滤波提取方法

实验小鼠是一种变形体对象,现有方法难以从连续视频图像中同时提取出运动轨迹和体态细节.本文采用模板匹配和粒子滤波的目标跟踪方法求解这一问题.提出了一种几何体部件模型,在引入小鼠移动速率的基础上给出了其运动状态方程,以二值化前景像素与几何部件模型间的差异度方程为观测模型,以状态方程及相互独立的多维随机变量为运动模型,从而建立起基本粒子滤波算法.与逐帧差分识别方法的对比实验研究表明,所提出的模型与实验小鼠形体相似,能够达到视频在线提取的计算效率.新方法在强噪声干扰条件下解决了运动轨迹和体态同时精确估计,并有效避免了首尾识别混淆及虚影干扰等困境,从而为后续生物学行为分析提供依据.     

基于深度图像技术的手势识别方法

针对复杂环境下的手势识别问题,提出一种基于深度图像技术的手势识别方法。利用深度图像信息从复杂环境中提取手势区域,综合手势的表观特征,建立决策树实现手势的识别。对常见的9种手势在复杂背景条件下进行测试,实验结果表明,手势的平均识别率可达到98.4%,速度达到每秒25帧。     

多层压电陶瓷驻波超声微电机的研究

主要研究了多层陶瓷双梁结构的超声驻波微电机。首先用有限元方法分析了该结构的振动模态，得到一适合电机运转的工作模式电机定子的固有扭转模态。定子扭转振动带动其上双梁产生弯曲振动。多层压电陶瓷产生纵向振动，从而构成纵、扭、弯复合超声电机。我们在计算的指导下设计并制作了一组微电机，电机直径３ｍｍ，定子高在４５ｍｍ之间，转子厚度为１ｍｍ，电机工作频率在５０８０ｋＨｚ，与计算结果基本符合。最后我们对电机的加工工艺，组装技术及结构设计进行了分析，指出了计算结果与实际工作状态存在差异的原因，并提出了改进的建议。     

基于无线声发射传感器系统的活立木含水率诊断方法研究

水分在活立木的生长代谢过程中起着至关重要的作用,实时准确的含水率测量对于立木培育及林木经营具有关键指导意义。以无损检测活立木树干含水率为主要目标,设计并实现了一套基于无线声发射传感器网络(WASN)的木材含水率诊断系统。首先WASN节点高速采样树干表皮的声发射信号,接着计算其特征参数并无线传输至网关,然后采用最大相关最小冗余(mRMR)判据从中筛选出最优特征组合,并经由麻雀算法优化的支持向量机(SSA-SVM)建立含水率辨识模型,最后即可进行在线实时的长期监测诊断。分别在水杉、杨树、松树和山毛榉四类树种上进行了实测,结果表明,诊断准确率最低为95.5%,所设计WASN完全具备长期部署观测树木蒸腾作用的功能。     

搁置时间对阀控式铅酸电池性能的影响

对同批次5只常温容量一致的6-EVF-100阀控式密封铅酸(VRLA)电池进行不同时间的搁置实验,发现电池长时间搁置虽然对常温容量和循环寿命没有影响,但对低温放电性能有严重影响。在常温容量已恢复到正常的条件下,搁置90d、180 d和360 d后,低温容量分别损失16.36%、25.34%和30.07%。     

Micro Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Motors

This paper reviews recent developments of micro ultrasonic rotary motors using piezoelectric resonant vibrations. Following the historical background, four ultrasonic motors recently developed at Penn State University are introduced; windmill, PZT tube, metal tube, and shear-type motors. Driving principles and motor characteristics are described in comparison with the conventional ultrasonic motors. Motors with 1.5 mm in diameter and 0.8 mNm in torque have been actually developed.