On the dynamic nature of response criterion in recognition memory: Effects of base rate, awareness, and feedback.

The authors examined whether participants can shift their criterion for recognition decisions in response to the probability that an item was previously studied. Participants in 3 experiments were given recognition tests in which the probability that an item was studied was correlated with its location during the test. Results from all 3 experiments indicated that participants' response criteria were sensitive to the probability that an item was previously studied and that shifts in criterion were robust. In addition, awareness of the bases for criterion shifts and feedback on performance were key factors contributing to the observed shifts in decision criteria. These data suggest that decision processes can operate in a dynamic fashion, shifting from item to item. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

偏振模色散统计特性的研究

利用动态方程研究了偏振模色散矢量的统计特性 ,分别用统计系综和频率系综两种方法进行数值模拟。数值结果表明 ,统计系综和频率系综两种方法的结果一致。在大归一化距离条件下 ,均方根时延的平方随归一化距离线性变化 ;偏振模色散矢量的各个分量服从高斯分布 ,差分群时延服从麦克斯韦分布 ;偏振模色散矢量弥散于整个邦加球     

Analysis and optimisation of the HIPERLAN Channel Access Contention Scheme

This paper analyses the HIPERLAN channel access mechanism. Both a purely mathematical and a simulation model are built in order to evaluate the two successive phases of the contention scheme. Several optimisations, based on the choice of parametric values, are proposed, evaluated and compared.     

Reliability‐based estimation of the survival of Listeria monocytogenes in chorizos

Reliability analysis is especially important when critical decisions are to be made involving potentially severe adverse consequences such as foodborne illness. Owing to uncertainty associated with the parameters controlling survival of Listeria monocytogenes in chorizo (a Mexican‐style sausage), the time needed to reduce the count by a certain number (n) of logs (t_nD) is probabilistic. In this paper the first‐order second‐moment (FOSM) method based on Taylor series expansion is used to derive the expected value and standard deviation of t_nD as function of the operating conditions (random variables) affecting survival, namely initial water activity (a_w0) of the sausage batter, storage temperature (T) and airflow velocity (F), along with their uncertainties characterised by their means and coefficients of variation. For any given n the derived t_nD probability distribution enables one to determine an estimate of t_nD for any desired level of reliability or confidence level, such as 50% (median value), 95%, 99%, etc. Among the conclusions drawn were: (i) the variability associated with T and F has a minor effect on estimating uncertainty in t_nD, whereas the reliability of t_nD estimation is greatly influenced by the uncertainty in a_w0; and (ii) the uncertainty in a_w0 has the greatest impact when a_w0 of the sausage formulation exceeds 0.90. The approach used and discussed in this paper can be applied to any survival/inactivation study to incorporate the effect of uncertainty in the various extrinsic and intrinsic parameters on the survival kinetics of the pathogen in a food system under evaluation. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Analytical general results for handoff dwell time distribution in wireless networks

1 Introduction The calling dwell time characteristic is critical for the user network planning and deployment, e.g., global system for mobile communications (GSM), as well as the next generation wireless multimedia networks, such as, the currently standar…     

基于主元分析的多变量统计过程的故障辨识技术

为了更好的进行故障检测与诊断，介绍了主元分析理论，给出了基于主元分析的过程故障辨识机理及策略。仿真实例表明，利用此方法建立的故障诊断模型，能够在不依赖过程机理的前提下高效抽取原始数据空间的主要变化信息，对过程的非正常变化做出反应，同时还能较正确地找出发生故障的原因以及相应环节。     

Conditions for the Acceptance of Deontic Conditionals.

Recent psychological research has investigated how people assess the probability of an indicative conditional. Most people give the conditional probability of q given p as the probability of if p then q. Asking about the probability of an indicative conditional, one is in effect asking about its acceptability. But on what basis are deontic conditionals judged to be acceptable or unacceptable? Using a decision theoretic analysis, we argue that a deontic conditional, of the form if p then must q or if p then may q, will be judged acceptable to the extent that the p & q possibility is preferred to the p & not-q possibility. Two experiments are reported in which this prediction was upheld. There was also evidence that the pragmatic suitability of permission rules is partly determined by evaluations of the not-p & q possibility. Implications of these results for theories of deontic reasoning are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

对数正态概率纸的自动生成和分布参数的自动提取

采用对数正态概率纸可以直观地判断一组数据是否服从对数正态分布，而且还可以得到对数正态分布参数，即对数均值和对数标准差。介绍对数正态概率纸自动生成和分布参数自动提取的方法以及据此开发的软件。与手工使用概率纸的常规方法相比，采用所开发的软件不但使用简单、方便，而且能提高计算结果的精度。     

Water quality surveys: A statistical method based on determinism, quantiles and the binomial distribution

A statistical method for surveying water quality and analysing the results in terms of quantiles is described. The value of a water quality variable in a grab-sample is taken as a deterministic function of the temporal and spatial coordinates of the sampling point. Quantiles can then be defined for any specified region in time and space as unique, fixed values, and randomly located grab-samples may be used to estimate them for the purposes of describing or regulating water quality. Robust statistical inferences are possible using the binomial distribution. Properties of the quantiles, confidence limits, comparisons with fixed values or between regions, assessment of trends, simultaneous inferences and estimation of sample sizes are discussed. Two examples of water quality surveys, one of Port Phillip Bay, the other of the Maribyrnong River, Victoria, are used to illustrate the theory, paying particular attention to practical problems which arose. The proposed method is compared with others based on stochastic models, and is claimed to be simpler and more reliable.