Water table fluctuation with a random initial condition

The nonlinear Boussinesq equation is used to understand water table fluctuations in various ditch drainage problems. An approximate solution of this equation with a random initial condition and deterministic boundary conditions, recharge rate and aquifer parameters has been developed to predict a transient water table in a ditch-drainage system. The effects of uncertainty in the initial condition on the water table are illustrated with the help of a synthetic example. These results would find applications in ditch-drainage design.Notation A / tanh t - a lower value of the random variable representing the initial water table height at the mid point - a+b Upper value of the random variable representing the initial water table height at the midpoint - B tanh t - C 4/ - h variable water table height - h mean of the variable water table height - h _m variable water table height at the mid point - h _m mean of the variable water table height at the mid point - K hydraulic conductivity - L half spacing between the ditches - m ₀ initial water table height at the mid point - N Uniform rate of recharge - S specific yield - t time of observation - x distance measured from the ditch boundary - (4/SL)(NK)^1/2 - (L/4)(N/K)^1/2 - dummy integral variable     

电子和β射线两用外推电离室的研制

本文研制了一台测量电子束和β射线吸收剂量的外推电离室,其空腔室壁材料可拆换并分别与空气、组织和硅等效,收集电极名义直径为1.5、3、10和30mm,空气空腔可变范围为0.2～15mm。该外推电离室具有在空腔内部测温,自动改变窗口上方材料厚度及采用微型计算机控制等特点。适用于测10 MeV能量以下,剂量率为10~5～10~(-3)Gy/h的电子或β射线吸收剂量。整个外推电离室自动测剂量系统在测~(204)TLβ放射源表面剂量率的不确定度为2.3％。测1.5 MeV电子束在硅和哈密瓜深部剂量率时,不确定度分别为4.0％和2.8％。     

Psychology, history, and the press: The case of William McDougall and The New York Times..

A number of reasons have been suggested for the rapid decline in influence and credibility experienced by William McDougall after his arrival in America. To obtain some evidence on this issue, all articles appearing in The New York Times between 1906 and 1940 in which McDougall was mentioned were coded for the nature of the image conveyed. Articles mentioning the two authors most similar to McDougall in terms of number of citations, Joseph Jastrow and Edward L. Thorndike, were also coded for the nature of the image conveyed. In contrast to the images of Jastrow and Thorndike, the image McDougall conveyed was significantly more negative. McDougall was more often satirized, and references to McDougall were significantly less likely to be simple reporting of something he had said or done. Results are discussed in terms of the role of the press in "deciding" controversies in which the scientific community has lost interest. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Note on the use of the term subject in pre-1886 discussions of thought-transference experiments.

In response to K. Danzinger's (see record 1986-00068-001) suggestion that the first use of the term subject in the English-language psychological literature occurred in 1886 in the context of experiments involving the hypnotic state, the present author points out that there are examples of the use of the term in discussions of experiments on thought transference published by the Society for Psychical Research in the 1880's. (8 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Adverse impact: Is it a viable concept?

It appears that those federal agencies responsible for enforcement persist in the belief that a given test score can mean one thing in one subgroup and something else in another and/or that inferences from a set of test scores can be valid for one subgroup but not for another. First surfacing in early agency regulations in connection with the now discontinued "differential validity" requirement, the belief still manifests itself in the concepts of "unfairness" and "adverse impact." Furthermore, the determination of the presence or absence of adverse impact on the basis of the impact ratio involves numerous statistical and measurement issues. Use of the impact ratio to establish the prosecutorial posture of an enforcement agency is clearly flawed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

饮用水中天然有机物的分析与表征方法

天然有机物(NOM)是一类分布广泛、成分复杂的有机混合物,可严重影响饮用水的处理效率,并可能对出水水质产生严重的不利影响。因此,为了改进和优化饮用水的处理过程,在研究和实际应用阶段对NOM进行表征和定量以了解其结构特性和反应性具有重要意义。文中先对NOM的富集方法进行了介绍,接着梳理了不同分离方法的依据及作用,最后总结了各类表征方法的原理及应用,以期有助于对NOM和饮用水处理的深入研究。     

基于CVaR的风电机组日前申报出力优化模型研究

在我国,风电机组需提前一天提交次日24小时的申报出力信息,由于来风具有明显的不确定性和随机性特征,风电机组次日实际出力与日前申报出力会存在一定的偏差。为解决以上问题,首先采用K-means聚类法对风电机组实际出力数据进行聚类,并生成样本集;其次,基于风电不确定性样本集构建风险中性风电机组日前申报出力决策优化模型;再次,构建基于条件风险值（CVaR）的日前申报出力优化模型;最后,基于实际数据进行了算例分析。算例分析结果表明,基于CVaR的日前申报出力决策优化模型能有效减少风电机组日前申报出力与次日实际出力的偏差,且使风电机组获得风险价值更好的申报出力,从而实现申报利润的风险可控性。     

计及多能需求的综合能源服务商优化运行策略研究

随着分布式发电技术的不断成熟及发展,未来综合能源服务将是整合不同类型分布式发电并满足用户不同用能需求的有效途径。提出了一种含有多种分布式发电资源同时考虑多用能需求的综合能源服务商优化运行策略模型。首先建立了含有风电、光伏、燃气轮机、电储能、电热泵、辅助锅炉等分布式资源及电、热用能需求的园区综合能源系统优化调度模型;其次计算优化运行后的能源利用效率;最后,分析对比了不同季节、实时电价及天然气价格变化对综合能源服务商运行策略及盈利的影响。仿真结果验证了模型的有效性,其中综合能源服务商的收益对天然气的价格变化更为敏感。     

Human DDX3X Unwinds Japanese Encephalitis and Zika Viral 5′ Terminal Regions

Flavivirus genus includes many deadly viruses such as the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). The 5′ terminal regions (TR) of flaviviruses interact with human proteins and such interactions are critical for viral replication. One of the human proteins identified to interact with the 5′ TR of JEV is the DEAD-box helicase, DDX3X. In this study, we in vitro transcribed the 5′ TR of JEV and demonstrated its direct interaction with recombinant DDX3X (K_d of 1.66 ± 0.21 µM) using microscale thermophoresis (MST). Due to the proposed structural similarities of 5′ and 3′ TRs of flaviviruses, we investigated if the ZIKV 5′ TR could also interact with human DDX3X. Our MST studies suggested that DDX3X recognizes ZIKV 5′ TR with a K_d of 7.05 ± 0.75 µM. Next, we performed helicase assays that suggested that the binding of DDX3X leads to the unwinding of JEV and ZIKV 5′ TRs. Overall, our data indicate, for the first time, that DDX3X can directly bind and unwind in vitro transcribed flaviviral TRs. In summary, our work indicates that DDX3X could be further explored as a therapeutic target to inhibit Flaviviral replication     

The Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane Model: A New In Vivo Tool to Evaluate Breast Cancer Stem Cell Activity

The high plasticity of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) allows them to differentiate and proliferate, specifically when xenotransplanted subcutaneously into immunocompromised mice. CSCs are highly tumorigenic, even when inoculated in small numbers. Thus, in vivo limiting dilution assays (LDA) in mice are the current gold standard method to evaluate CSC enrichment and activity. The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is a low cost, naturally immune-incompetent and reproducible model widely used to evaluate the spontaneous growth of human tumor cells. Here, we established a CAM-LDA assay able to rapidly reproduce tumor specificities—in particular, the ability of the small population of CSCs to form tumors. We used a panel of organotropic metastatic breast cancer cells, which show an enrichment in a stem cell gene signature, enhanced CD44⁺/CD24^−/low cell surface expression and increased mammosphere-forming efficiency (MFE). The size of CAM-xenografted tumors correlate with the number of inoculated cancer cells, following mice xenograft growth pattern. CAM and mice tumors are histologically comparable, displaying both breast CSC markers CD44 and CD49f. Therefore, we propose a new tool for studying CSC prevalence and function—the chick CAM-LDA—a model with easy handling, accessibility, rapid growth and the absence of ethical and regulatory constraints.