Dairy cow handling facilities and the perception of Beef Quality Assurance on Colorado dairies

A survey was conducted on Colorado dairies to assess attitudes and practices regarding Dairy Beef Quality Assurance (DBQA). The objectives were to (1) assess the need for a new handling facility that would allow all injections to be administered via DBQA standards; (2) establish if Colorado dairy producers are concerned with DBQA; and (3) assess differences in responses between dairy owners and herdsmen. Of the 95 dairies contacted, 20 (21%) agreed to participate, with a median herd size of 1,178. When asked to rank the following 7 traits—efficiency, animal safety, human safety, ease of animal handling, ease of operation, inject per Beef Quality Assurance (BQA) procedures, and cost—in order of priority when designing a new handling facility, human and animal safety were ranked highest in priority (first or second) by the majority of participants, with ease of animal handling and efficiency ranked next. Interestingly, the administration of injections per BQA standards was ranked sixth or seventh by most participants. Respondents estimated the average annual income from the sale of cull cows to be 4.6% of all dairy income, with 50% receiving at least one carcass discount or condemnation in the past 12 mo. Although almost all of the participating dairy farmers stated that the preferred injection site for medications was the neck region, a significant number admitted to using alternate injection sites. In contrast, no difference was found between responses regarding the preferred and actual location for intravenous injections. Although most participating producers are aware of BQA injection guidelines, they perceive efficiency as more important, which could result in injections being administered in locations not promoted by BQA. Dairy owners and herdsmen disagreed in whether or not workers had been injured in the animal handling area in the last 12 mo. Handling facilities that allow for an efficient and safe way to administer drugs according to BQA guidelines and educational opportunities that highlight the effect of improved DBQA on profitability could prove useful. Dairy producers play a key role in ensuring that dairy beef is safe and high quality, and just as they are committed to producing safe and nutritious milk for their customers, they should be committed to producing the best quality beef.     

中国人民银行支付清算系统全国处理中心机房项目智能化系统设计介绍

本文以中国人民银行支付清算系统全国处理中心机房为例．详细介绍数据中心机房§§电智能化系统设计特点及要求,从信息化设施系统、建筑设备监控系统及公共安全系统三个方面进行了详细的技术总结。     

中国人民银行支付清算系统全国处理中心机房项目智能化系统设计介绍

本文以中国人民银行支付清算系统全国处理中心机房为例．详细介绍数据中心机房§§电智能化系统设计特点及要求,从信息化设施系统、建筑设备监控系统及公共安全系统三个方面进行了详细的技术总结。     

基于随机秘钥蝙蝠算法的多行设施布局设计

针对行内纵向通道数量和位置具有不确定性的多行设施布局问题,建立了以最小化物流强度、最小化搬运设备空载运行强度及最大化相互关系为设计目标的布局优化模型,并针对所建立的模型提出了一种基于映射规则的随机秘钥蝙蝠算法。在蝙蝠算法中引入随机秘钥编码思想,定义了基于随机秘钥编码的蝙蝠位置向多行设施布局组合解的映射规则与映射步骤,使算法在不进行离散化处理的前提下,可以在连续空间上执行,并在组合空间上映射出码长不同的布局方案。最后,以一个多行设施布局问题为实例,采用所提出的随机秘钥蝙蝠算法进行求解,证明了算法的优越性。     

完善消防控制室监控设备功能的探讨

分析了消防控制室监控设备的现状,提出了在消防控制室完善自动消防设备(设施)的监管功能、显示其动态信息和管理信息的建议,并介绍了在现有消防监控设备基础上实现上述监管功能的一些做法.     

中压闭环气体流量标准装置压力控制系统

以中压闭环气体流量标准装置为研究对象,设计基于PLC的压力控制系统。给出控制系统的硬件结构和软件功能。运行测试结果表明:当流量点变化后,压力控制系统排气压力在小幅度下降后能够迅速稳定至设定值,且压力稳定性优于0.04%,能够满足闭环气体流量标准装置进行流量仪表检定的使用要求。     

高数值孔径投影光刻物镜的光学设计

针对45nm节点投影光刻物镜的应用,开展了工作波长为193nm的深紫外浸没式高数值孔径(NA)投影光刻物镜的研究和研制。设计了数值孔径(NA)为1.30的离轴三反射镜投影光刻物镜和NA为1.35的同轴两反射镜投影光刻物镜,并对两个设计方案的优劣进行对比分析,选择了同轴式结构作为最终的设计方案。分析了系统在不同NA情况下可变光阑与其远心度之间的关系,提出了用双可变曲面光阑的设计方案来优化系统的远心度。实验表明,应用本文设计方案,光刻物镜的波像差小于1nm,畸变小于1nm;新型的可变光阑使系统NA在0.85~1.35变化时的最大远心度由5.83~17.57mrad降低至0.26~3.21mrad。本文提出的设计方案为45nm节点高数值孔径投影光刻物镜的研制提供了有益的理论依据和指导。     

ICF激光装置靶定位系统运动学耦合问题研究

靶定位系统是惯性约束聚变(Ignition confinement fusion,ICF)激光装置靶场系统的重要子系统之一,但在调靶过程中表现出运动学耦合现象。为了解决此问题,建立靶定位系统的运动学模型,给出靶定位系统产生运动学耦合现象的理论解释,提出一种实用的、与靶的类型无关的"增量式"位姿调整方法,给出该调整方法中必需的一个姿态矩阵的辨识方法。考虑实际靶定位系统中靶传感器的测量能力和六自由度并联机械手的定位能力这两个关键方面的约束条件,对姿态矩阵辨识方法和"增量式"位姿调整方法进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明,"增量式"位姿调整方法不仅有效地解决了靶定位系统的运动学耦合问题,而且能够在靶的期望位置增量不超过一定值(如2 mm)时保证很高的位置控制精度。     

对新规范中"水泵接合器的接力供水设施"的几点思考

就《自动喷水灭火系统设计规范》中关于水泵接合器的增压措施提出几点异议。     

美国Smith Ranch铀矿地浸工艺与设施介绍

介绍了美国地浸采铀的历史,SmithRanch铀矿碱法地浸采铀工艺流程及参数,地浸过程中井场、吸附、淋洗、沉淀、过滤与干燥、自动化仪控、辐射防护、安全与环保等技术与设施。