Sub‐5 nm Dendrimer Directed Self‐Assembly with Large‐Area Uniform Alignment by Graphoepitaxy

Directed self‐assembly (DSA) using soft materials is an important method for producing periodic nanostructures because it is a simple, cost‐effective process for fabricating high‐resolution patterns. Most of the previously reported DSA methods exploit the self‐assembly of block copolymers, which generates a wide range of nanostructures. In this study, cylinders obtained from supramolecular dendrimer films with a high resolution (<5 nm) exhibit planar ordering over a macroscopic area via guiding topographical templates with a high aspect ratio (>10) and high spatial resolution (≈20 nm) of guiding line patterns. Theoretical and experimental studies reveal that this property is related to geometrical anchoring on the meniscus region and physical surface anchoring on the sidewall. Furthermore, this DSA of dendrimer cylinders is demonstrated by the non‐regular geometry of the patterned template. The macroscopic planar alignment of the dendrimer nanostructure reveals an extremely small feature size (≈4.7 nm) on the wafer scale (>16 cm²). This study is expected to open avenues for the production of a large family of supramolecular dendrimers with different phases and feature dimensions oriented by the DSA approach.     

济阳坳陷渤南洼陷古近系沙河街组流体压力建场过程及其石油地质意义

通过对济阳坳陷渤南洼陷古近系沙河街组泥页岩和致密砂岩中的流体包裹体进行古压力测试,恢复了其流体压力演化过程,并探讨了其石油地质意义。研究结果表明：(1)渤南洼陷沙三段在馆陶组沉积期及之后共经历了4次压力场重建过程,每次压力场重建的持续时间均为3～4 Ma,表现为低序级幕式特征。(2)与沙三段低序级幕式压力建场过程不同的是,沙四上亚段在上覆石膏岩的封盖下,压力场重建的门限较高,在东营组沉积期及馆陶组沉积末期发生2次压力场重建过程,表现为高序级幕式特点。(3)研究区沙三段低序级幕式压力建场过程指示着开放的流体环境和较强的酸性溶蚀作用,以低序级幕式压力建场为主的沙三段储集层物性整体优于高序级幕式建场的沙四上亚段储集层;沙三段烃源岩在排出大量烃类物质的同时,其自身储集空间中也会存在部分残留,从而形成常规油与页岩油的共同富集区。     

Experimental investigation and simulation analysis of the thermal performance of a balcony wall integrated solar water heating unit

A balcony wall type solar water heater system was designed and constructed in a high-rise building. The U-type evacuated glass tube solar collector is fixed vertically on the balcony wall. The water, heated in the solar collector, flows through the exchanger coil in the water tank and then flows back to the solar collector. With regard to the hot water supply system, the cold water, heated by the heat exchanger, is sent to the point of use. Considering storeys and water consumption pattern, four apartments are selected for testing. Meanwhile, the theoretical analysis with TRNSYS was presented. According to the experimental results, mean daily collector efficiency is about 40%. Solar fraction is high in summer and autumn for the relative high radiation and high ambient temperature. Under given conditions, the annual energy extracted from tank is 2805.3 MJ/m², and the annual solar fraction is 40.5%. When the tank volume-to-collector area ratio is decreased to 37.5 L/m², the solar fraction can be increased to 50%. The results show that the family to use water all day round gets higher solar fraction than the family using hot water mostly in the morning and night.     

Simulation of energy saving in Iranian buildings using integrative modelling for insulation

According to one survey on energy consumption in Iran, commercial and building sector consume more energy than any other economic sectors. For example, about 38% of total energy that consumed in year 2001 has been used for space heating. Insulation in external walls of buildings has an important role to reduce the environmental effects on indoor space condition. Therefore, always using insulation is an alternative to avoid from the energy loss. In this paper, the effects of the using of a proper insulation on the energy saving in Iranian buildings are studied. For this purpose, an integrative modelling is used for simulation of the energy consumption in buildings. It is shown that energy consumption per square meter of buildings can be reduced up to 35.2% when insulation is used for external walls.     

300MW中间再热直接空冷凝汽式汽轮机主要技术特点

介绍了上海汽轮机有限公司空冷300MW汽轮机的主要技术特点,通过对结构、通流、轴系和差胀进行优化设计,确保机组运行的安全性及其性能的先进性。目前该机组在市场上取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

太阳能与热泵技术应用在暖通空调中的进展

热泵是一项重要的节能技术,但因自身的缺陷使得它的应用遇到一定的困难。随着太阳能利用技术不断进步,太阳能系统集热效率逐渐提高,太阳能与热泵之间可以优势互补的特点逐渐显现。越来越多的专家、学者和企业的工程人员投入到对太阳能技术和热泵技术联合应用的研究之中,并取得了一定的成果。本文综述了太阳能热泵的一般原理及其各种模式控制方案,介绍了目前国内外的研究情况和一些有代表性的成果,并对将来太阳能热泵复合技术的发展进行了一些讨论。     

相变墙体在节能建筑中的应用

在充分考虑北方地区夏季昼夜的气候条件和国家节约用电的峰谷电价差政策的基础上,利用DSC进 行了相变储能材料性能测试与分析,优选出2种脂酸类相变材料制成相变储能墙板,进行了相变墙板热性能 分析。研究表明,相变墙体在北方寒冷地区节能建筑中应用,可以利用我国北方城镇丰富的自然冷风条件,符 合国家有关调低乡镇居民电价和电力移峰填谷政策,不但能降低供热空调系统的投资与能耗,而且也是一种 改善建筑能耗对环境负面影响的有效途径。     

浅谈几种通信系统在智能建筑中的应用

本文首先对南宁东站综合交通枢纽一期（地下空间）--公共服务工程通信系统设备集成采购项目做一简单介绍,然后通过介绍南宁东站项目中通信标的几个典型子系统的系统组成原理进一步阐述通信系统在智能建筑中的应用。     

建筑物对通信信号衰减的定量研究

建筑物墙体对信号的衰减对于通信信号在城市环境中的传播影响很大,透射信号的衰减是影响通信质量的重要方面。文中采用自由空间法建立测试系统,在300M～3GHz的频率范围之间对不同建筑物墙体进行信号穿过墙体透射衰减的实地测量,通过加权的算法得到建筑物的等效介电常数。同时,通过在固定频率下透射波和空旷地接受信号场强的比较计算得到透射系数,利用上述的固定频率下透射系数和等效介电常数结合菲涅尔公式反演其该频率下的等效电导率,得出建筑物墙体等障碍物在不同频率下的等效电导率。利用基于时域有限差分差分法的XFDTD软件进行仿真计算,结果验证仿真结果和实际测量结果比较吻合。     

建筑物目标三维红外场景仿真

提出了建筑物目标三维红外场景仿真方法。首先分析了三维场景模型的生成方法,采用软件绘制的方法获取三维场景,并将其加载至OpenGL环境中进一步处理;然后分析了三维红外场景的生成方法,对辐射源进行三维模拟,建立红外成像模型,得到目标表面红外辐射特性;最后模拟红外热像仪生成目标三维红外场景,给出了仿真结果和温度对比曲线。实验结果表明,仿真图像真实地反映了建筑物目标的红外辐射特性,各部分温度与实测温度变化规律基本一致。本文所述仿真方法切实可行,达到了场景仿真的效果。