加脂的化学柔软作用机理

加脂是软革制造过程中最重要的工序。本文建立了一个加脂过程和加脂机理的模型。在该模型中，传统的完全依赖ＰＨ值的观察被扩展，结合了加脂剂与浴液间的相互作用的性能和传送提供润滑作用的中性油组分的乳化剂的作用，并扩展了乳化剂的角色。以这种方式引入的化学柔软作用对革的强度有积极的效果，而相比效应力柔软作用会降低革的强度。     

焦化防砂室内实验研究

油井防砂工艺技术的研究与发展对疏松砂岩油藏的正常开采至关重要.焦化防砂是通过向地层内注入热空气使原油在高温下发生氧化裂解生成焦炭从而将地层砂固结的一种防砂新技术.为了对该项技术进行全面系统的理论分析与评价,设计并制作了一套焦化防砂实验装置,利用该装置进行了焦化防砂室内实验研究.焦化效果以岩样的抗压强度进行评价,实验结果表明,影响焦化后岩样抗压强度的主要因素为空气最高温度、处理时间和空气流量.此外,对焦化处理后的岩样所作的岩样组成分析揭示出,稠油胶结机理为氧化作用使部分油分和胶质变成沥青质,沥青质受到高度的缩合作用而成为高分子量的甲苯不溶物.由于新生胶质的氧化比原生胶质的氧化困难得多,因此适合焦化防砂的油层,其原油必须含有一定量的原生胶质和沥青质.     

自韧Si3N4陶瓷的显微结构及其性能研究

利用热压的方法制得室温断裂韧性和抗弯强度分别为１１．２ＭＰａ·ｍ￣（１／２）、８２３ＭＰａ，高温（１３５０℃）断裂韧性和抗弯强度分别为２３．９ＭＰａ·ｍ￣（１／２）、６３０ＭＰａ的自韧Ｓｉ＿３Ｎ＿４陶瓷。研究了显微结构和力学性能之间的关系。结果表明：玻璃相的含量、β－Ｓｉ＿３Ｎ＿４的长径比等对性能有重要影响。分析了自韧Ｓｉ＿３Ｎ＿４陶瓷的增韧机理，通过ＳＥＭ明显观察到Ｓｉ＿３Ｎ＿４中存在裂纹偏转、分支和β－Ｓｉ＿３Ｎ＿４拔出现象。     

马来酸及其酐和衣康酸与PP熔体接枝反应机理的研究

以马来酸酐作对照，用热分析、流变、化学分析等方法，研究了马来酸和衣康酸在非隔氧条件下与ＰＰ熔体催化接枝反应的特点和规律，阐述了单体结构－单元反应相对速率－－接枝产物结构之间的关系，提出了３种接枝物的结构模型。     

精轧油膜轴承密封失效机理的初步分析

对油膜轴承密封出现的进水、漏油现象作了大量的调查、测量和统计分析，找出了产生质量事故的根本原因，提出了解决措施。     

雁翎油田注氮气提高采收率工艺技术

在现有的提高采收率方法中,注气驱是应用较广、效果较好的方法,特别是注氮气驱由于其气源广泛、价廉经济、无腐蚀性,以及要求的油藏地质结构特征和原油的物理性质等因素的变化范围广泛等特产,这种提高采收率的方法应用的最为普及,代表了目前提高采收率的发展方向。结合雁翎油田实例,简要介绍了注氮气提高采收率的机理、注气井组建设、制氮工艺及注气后的采油完井方式、方法。     

乙烯基三甲基硅烷等离子体聚合反应历程

应用色谱—质谱(GC-MS)及裂解色谱-质谱(PGC-MS)测定了乙烯基三甲基硅烷等离子体聚合反应中的气体冷凝物及聚合物,研究推导了等离子体聚合反应历程。单体在气相中被电子撞击,然后扩散到基底,在基底发生链增长和链终止反应。     

Stationary and traveling hot spots in the catalytic combustion of hydrogen in monoliths

In the course of catalytic combustion of hydrogen (1-5% H₂ in air) in monolith reactors, strongly localized stationary and traveling hot spots arise in response to a sudden and persistent rise of gas flow velocity. Such hot spots may occur, e.g. in a catalytic converter following the acceleration of a car or in a catalytic combustor as a result of a load increase. This phenomenon is illustrated by simulations using a two-phase reactor model. The temperature overshoot of the adiabatic limit is typically of the order of the adiabatic temperature rise itself.The following mechanism underlies this behavior. Light fuel is supplied to the catalytic wall by fast diffusion (in the direction perpendicular to flow), while the heat released by reaction is removed from the wall by the slower, mixture-averaged heat conduction. This leads to accumulation of heat at the catalytic surface that eventually saturates at high temperatures. The hot spots may exhibit intricate dynamics, propagating downstream or upstream, or they may remain stationary. The direction of propagation depends on the relative strength of convective downstream and conductive upstream contributions to the overall displacement of reaction fronts. Generally, the hot spot tends to drift downstream at low flow velocities, remain stationary at intermediate flow velocities, and drift upstream at high flow velocities.     

Gelation mechanism of agarose and κ-carrageenan solutions estimated in terms of concentration fluctuation

The gelation mechanism of agarose and κ-carrageenan aqueous solutions was investigated by using polarized light scattering and X-ray diffraction techniques in terms of the liquid-liquid phase separation. When an incident beam of He-Ne gas laser was directed to the gel prepared by quenching the agarose solution, the logarithm of scattered intensity increased linearly in the initial stage and tended to deviate from this linear relationship in the latter stage. If the linear increase in the initial stage could be analyzed within the framework of the linear theory of spinodal decomposition proposed by Cahn, the phase diagram indicated that the gelation is attributed to the phase separation due to the concentration fluctuation of solution. Furthermore, in the later stage showing the deviation of the linear relationship, light scattering under Hv polarization condition showed a X-type pattern indicating the existence of optically anisotropic rods, the optical axes being parallel or perpendicular with respect to the rod axis. In spite of the existence of the rods, no crystallites were confirmed by the corresponding X-ray diffraction and DSC measurements. For κ-carrageenan solutions, the logarithm of scattered intensity against time showed a constant value. This indicated that the gelation of κ-carrageenan solutions is independent of liquid-liquid phase separation but is due to the rapid formation of cross-linking points. Accordingly it turns out that the small difference of chemical structure between agarose and κ-carrageenan causes quite different gelation mechanism.     

GH871 合金的蠕变断裂机制

对采用AIM+ESR和VIM+ESR工艺冶炼的GH871合金在650 ℃的蠕变性能及特征的研究表明,与用AIM+ESR工艺冶炼的GH871合金相比,用VIM+ESR工艺冶炼的GH871合金在蠕变断裂过程中裂纹萌生的形式(包括裂纹形状及形成时间)和裂纹扩展至裂纹连接所需的时间均表现出明显韧化的特征.