岩基约束橡胶集料混凝土开裂应变试验

解决岩基混凝土开裂有利于提高水工建筑物的耐久性和安全运行.采用约束圆环试验、电阻应变仪、电子扫描电镜和压汞试验,分析了橡胶集料砂浆约束开裂应变及其作用机理.在岩基混凝土内埋设应变计,观测橡胶集料混凝土的约束应变.结果表明:橡胶集料在应力作用下,改变了水泥石中孔的形态,缓冲部分应力,普通砂浆开裂时,橡胶集料开始表现硬化应变.在45d和90d龄期时,岩基普通混凝土应变急剧降低,混凝土出现开裂.岩基橡胶集料混凝土约束应变大,混凝土无开裂.橡胶集料有利于改善岩基混凝土的抗裂性能,为解决岩基混凝土裂缝提供一种新的技术措施.     

基于有限元方法的1 000 kV级特高压交流线路耐张串均压环优化设计

特高压输电线路绝缘子串电压分布极不均匀,均压环的优化设计对于改善绝缘子端部场强和改变电压分布具有重要意义。应用三维有限元法分别对1000kV特高压交流线路两联、三联和六联耐张串进行了电场计算,计算中考虑了杆塔、导线对电场分布的影响。通过不同屏蔽深度的均压环对电压分布影响的讨论和4种不同形式均压环的对比,建议1000kV特高压交流线路耐张串采用管径为120mm的跑道环,圆形部分中心径为1000mm,联接距根据绝缘子串中心间距决定,放置在第3、4片绝缘子之间。     

超(超)临界汽轮机汽缸紧固螺栓高温蠕变断裂研究

超(超)临界汽轮机汽缸以镍基超高温合金作为紧固件材料，螺栓蠕变损伤的研究对超(超)临界机组的安全运行及维修具有重要意义。对镍基合金Nimonic 80 A进行了550 ℃不同应力下单轴及空心螺栓的蠕变实验，引入应变阈值，结合Norton-Bailey-Kachanov蠕变方程，改进了蠕变损伤模型，模型能更准确描述蠕变全过程；修改有限元软件ABAQUS子程序，模拟了空心螺栓的蠕变过程。结果表明，空心螺栓蠕变断裂并不是在应力集中的螺纹处，而是在螺杆处，有限元计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

高效神经网络训练及其在桁架损伤识别中的应用

将应变模态相对变化率作为损伤指标,探索了与人工神经网络结合对桁架结构进行损伤识别的方法。利用ANSYS的命令流语言APDL编写二次开发程序,实现结构不同损伤工况下的模态自动求解过程,并定义APDL中多维数组参数,将不同损伤工况下计算得到的模态参数存储于外部设备。在人工神经网络训练阶段,再借助于Matlab软件的外部文件调用功能,将模态信息加以批量提取。数值仿真表明,本文的方法是一种高效的人工神经网络训练模式,且仅用一阶应变模态改变率就可实现对桁架结构的损伤识别,便于在实际工程中应用。     

带电更换500 kV线路四联耐张串绝缘子

四联耐张绝缘子串是上海地区500 kV线路中较普遍采用的形式,500 kV线路四联耐张串结构复杂,四分裂导线组合张力相当大,带电更换四联耐张绝缘子串难度大、工器具要求高,同时需充分考虑带电作业时500 kV线路安全距离,就带电更换500 kV线路四联耐张整串绝缘子的方案进行了分析与探讨.     

Thermal contact conductance at continuous roll-casting interface

The effects of surface roughness, strain rate, friction coefficient and pressure on real contact area were analyzed based on the research of Stupkiewicz. The real contact area model taking account of the effect of friction and deformation of material was obtained. The model of contact conductance at the rolling interface was obtained by integrating the specific feature of heat transfer through the interface of continuous roll-casting. The results indicate that the real contact area increases obviously when the material is under yield, and the real contact area varies inversely with surface roughness, whereas it varies exponentially with friction coefficient, strain rate and pressure, and the power factor depends on strain rate.     

动态应变仪数字陷波器设计

根据切比雪夫函数的等纹波性质,调节滤波器的阻带衰减特性,设计一种应用于动态应变仪上的数字工频陷波器,使其获得陡峭的过渡带和通带幅度的改善.通过仿真实验和实际信号处理证明,该设计方法能满足动态应变仪数字工频陷波器的性能要求.     

Investigation on experimental method of low-impedance materials using modified Hopkinson pressure bar

To increase the detectability of split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) of low-impedance materials, modifications were conducted on traditional SHPB apparatus with a PMMA tube to output transmitted signal, and weak signals were further amplified by semiconductor strain gauges. Experiments on soft rubbers and cushioning foam materials were carried out. In order to analyze the accuracy of the experimental results, the stress equilibrium issues involved in the assumptions of SHPB were investigated. First, by way of re-constructing loading process of incident wave, the stress-strain curve was obtained, along with the stress equilibrium ratio of specimen. Secondly, the influences on the accuracy of stress-strain curves were investigated through the elastic modulus comparisons. And the results illustrate that the bilinear incident wave from experiments can ensure the stress equilibrium deformation of specimen after 2 normalized times, much sooner than ramp incident waves. Moreover, it even facilitates specimen deformation with a constant strain rate. The results confirm that the detectability of the modified SHPB can be down to tens kPa with enough accuracy level.     

销钉机筒橡胶挤出机内胶料三维剪切效果模拟

利用CFD(计算流体力学)软件FLUENT,以单螺杆销钉机筒橡胶挤出机内熔融段和计量段的非牛顿流体为对象,对其三维剪切效果进行模拟.通过对比有销钉和无销钉情况下螺槽横截面上和不同半径圆柱截面上的剪切效果,发现销钉能加强对挤出机内的胶料的剪切作用,有利于减少螺楞根部的停滞区,并且每排销钉个数越多,对胶料的剪切作用越大;通过对整个流体区域内流场的体积加权平均剪切率对比发现,销钉能有效提高其平均剪切率14%~28%,并大幅减小剪切的不均匀性.     

虚拟式动态应变测试仪

信号分析与处理是测试技术工作的重要组成部分,论述了一种自行开发的虚拟动态应变测试分析仪和信号分析功能的具体设计过程.实验测试表明仪器基本功能已经实现,信号分析结果正确,具有很好的工程应用性.