并网型风力发电系统的研究

并网发电是大功率风力发电机组高效、大规模利用风能最经济的方式,已成为当今世界风能利用的主要形式。为促进我国的风电事业,概述了并网型风力发电系统的基本工作原理、工作方式和风力发电机的空气动力学特性以及并网型风力发电系统中5种典型的电路拓扑结构及其工作原理、并网技术和控制方法,还比较了不同拓扑结构下风力发电系统的性能和效率,给出了各自的典型应用。最后指出了各种方法的优缺点以及今后的发展方向。结果表明,随着大容量电力电子器件的发展和现代控制技术的引入,并网型风电系统中直驱式永磁同步发电机拓扑结构将会得到更多的应用和发展。并网型大功率风电机组控制系统中,风机模拟系统设计、发电机控制技术、并网技术、桨矩角控制技术和系统监控等关键技术的解决将有助于我国风电产业的国产化和大容量风电系统自主知识产权的建立。     

The Role of Psychobiotics in Supporting the Treatment of Disturbances in the Functioning of the Nervous System—A Systematic Review

Stress and anxiety are common phenomena that contribute to many nervous system dysfunctions. More and more research has been focusing on the importance of the gut–brain axis in the course and treatment of many diseases, including nervous system disorders. This review aims to present current knowledge on the influence of psychobiotics on the gut–brain axis based on selected diseases, i.e., Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, depression, and autism spectrum disorders. Analyses of the available research results have shown that selected probiotic bacteria affect the gut–brain axis in healthy people and people with selected diseases. Furthermore, supplementation with probiotic bacteria can decrease depressive symptoms. There is no doubt that proper supplementation improves the well-being of patients. Therefore, it can be concluded that the intestinal microbiota play a relevant role in disorders of the nervous system. The microbiota–gut–brain axis may represent a new target in the prevention and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, this topic needs more research. Such research could help find effective treatments via the modulation of the intestinal microbiome.     

自行火炮车体刚强度有限元分析

对某自行火炮车体在静态射击时的受力情况进行了分析，建立了；一体刚强度有限元分析的数学模型，给出了整；一网格图。采用三维空间板壳单元对最小射角、中间射角三种情况下的车体刚强度进行了计算，给出了计算结果，并对计算结果进行了分析。结果表明：火炮射击时对车体顶甲板的应力和变形影响最大，且顶甲板应力和变形随角的改变而明显改变；该车体结构设计合理，刚强度满足设计要求。最后提出了４点改善车体刚强度的建议。     

PROPERTIES OF W/Cu FGMS CONTAINING 1%TiC OR 1%La2O3 PREPARED USING GSUHP

W / Cu functionally gradient materials (FGMs) containing 1%La_2O_3 and 1%TiC were prepared using graded sintering under ultra-high pressure (GSUHP). The specimens have been found to exhibit low porosity (11.57% and 11.35%, respectively). Shearing strength of the specimens between layers is good. Moreover, the specimens have still demonstrated good performance in testing thermal-shock resistance. When power density of laser is 200MWm~(-2), the specimens have been tested for thermal-shock resistance (1000 times); the specimens that contained 1%La_2O_3 were not subjected to damage, whereas those that contained 1%TiC began to crack. Finally, effect of additives on thermal-shock resistance was also preliminarily discussed.     

喷射成形Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系超高强度铝合金热处理制度的实验研究

研究了喷射成形Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系超高强度铝合金的沉积态和挤压态的组织,对挤压态合金进行了固溶处理和时效处理,得到了时效硬度曲线,并进行了力学性能测试.结果显示:沉积态合金孔隙较多;挤压态合金内存在大量的颗粒,经能谱分析为富铜相;固溶温度达到490℃时,晶界出现熔化现象.时效硬度曲线表明:采用120℃时效,在15~25h之间达到硬度峰值;采用135℃时效,达到硬度峰值的时间与合金的成分有关,随着Zn含量的增加,达到硬度峰值的时间变短,而抗拉强度基本稳定在700MPa左右.     

局部火灾下钢筋混凝土平面框架结构的耐火性能研究

高温后混凝土与钢筋间的黏结性能影响钢筋混凝土结构的安全评估,实际工程中钢筋混凝土常承受侧向约束作用。为此,该文以高温温度和侧压力为参数,完成了48个钢筋混凝土试件的中心拉拔试验,分析侧压力对高温后试件破坏形态、峰值黏结应力、峰值滑移、残余黏结强度的影响规律,建立了峰值黏结应力随高温温度和侧压力变化的经验公式。将侧压下钢筋-混凝土黏结应力场简化为肋前混凝土挤压力和侧压力的线性叠加,并基于微观传力模型及高温后混凝土的多轴强度破坏准则推导计算了无侧压及单向侧压下的黏结强度理论。研究结果表明：侧压作用和高温温度直接影响试件破坏形态;随着侧压力增加,高温后混凝土与钢筋间的峰值黏结应力、残余黏结强度、峰值滑移逐渐增大,但温度达到500 ℃后,有侧压试件峰值滑移较无侧压试件小;黏结强度理论计算值与实测值较为吻合,能较好地预测高温后混凝土与钢筋间的黏结强度。     

我国钢管混凝土拱桥应用现状与展望

以轴压比、含钢率和钢材强度为参数,进行了8根高强钢管超高强混凝土柱和1根普通强度钢管超高强混凝土对比柱的拟静力试验,分析了各参数对破坏形态、荷载-位移滞回曲线、骨架曲线和各个抗震性能指标(如延性、耗能和强度与刚度退化等)的影响程度。结果表明：压弯破坏为主要破坏模式;弹性刚度受轴压比影响不大,但受含钢率和钢材强度影响较大;极限承载力受轴压比、含钢率和钢材强度影响较大,随前者增大而降低,随后两者增大而增大;延性受轴压比、钢材强度和含钢率影响较大,随前两者增大降低,随后者增大而增大;耗能能力随轴压比增大而减弱,随含钢率和钢材强度增大而增强;刚度和强度退化程度随轴压比增大而降低,随含钢率增大而增大,且前者随钢材强度增大而增大,后者则随钢材强度增大呈减小趋势。通过对比不同规程抗弯刚度计算方法,结果表明：受材料适用范围限制,各规程不适用于该类高强材料组合构件。     

煤矸石基混凝土在井下巷道硬化工程中的应用试验

煤矸石是我国目前排放量较大的固体废弃物之一,利用煤矸石部分或全部代替混凝土粗骨料生产煤矸石基混凝土是其高效利用的途径。通过实验室开展不同煤矸石粗骨料替代率、水胶比、添加剂等条件下的煤矸石基混凝土的抗压强度试验,探究煤矸石基混凝土的基本力学性能,确定煤矸石基混凝土的最佳配合比。研究结果表明：煤矸石基混凝土抗压强度随着煤矸石粗骨料替代率的增大而减小;在胶凝材料中加入质量比为5%的硅灰、0.3%的减水剂有助于迅速提高煤矸石基混凝土的前期强度。在山西李村煤矿二采区胶带巷5^#辅运联巷开展了煤矸石基混凝土的井下硬化试验,验证了煤矸石基混凝土在井下硬化工程中的良好效果。     

Application of strength reduction method to dynamic anti-sliding stability analysis of high gravity dam with complex dam foundation

Considering that there are some limitations in analyzing the anti-sliding seismic stability of dam-foundation systems with the traditional pseudo-static method and response spectrum method,the dynamic strength reduction method was used to study the deep anti-sliding stability of a high gravity dam with a complex dam foundation in response to strong earthquake-induced ground action.Based on static anti-sliding stability analysis of the dam foundation undertaken by decreasing the shear strength parameters of ...     

On the mechanical characterization of materials by Arcan-type specimens

The simple circular notched specimen was originally proposed by Arcan to characterize the elastic properties of fibre-reinforced composites. Unfortunately, its optimized geometry does not allow to measure with reasonable accuracy both the material shear strength and the conditions of failure under a generic biaxial stress state, since the effects of stress concentration on the fillets of the two V-grooves and on the inner circular edges are responsible of premature fractures due to the uniaxial stress states of the notch edges.In a previous numerical study carried out by a parametric two-dimensional finite element model, some of the Authors of this paper found a new optimal geometry of the Arcan specimen able to minimize the notch effect and achieve a uniform pure shear stress field in the gauge cross-section. In the present paper, starting from such a geometry, a new type of Arcan specimen is proposed, having not uniform thickness. An extensive three-dimensional parametric finite element analysis has been done to define its optimal shape. The numerical results show that the new specimen is able to achieve, with a higher probability, material fracture in the minimum cross-section under a pure shear stress distribution which is more uniform than those acting in the Arcan specimen typologies until now proposed.