基于U-Net结构改进的医学影像分割技术综述

深度学习在医学影像分割领域得到广泛应用,其中,2015年提出的U-Net因其分割小目标效果较好、结构具有可扩展性,自提出以来受到广泛关注.近年来,随着医学图像割性能要求的提升,众多学者针对U-Net结构也在不断地改进和扩展,比如编解码器的改进、外接特征金字塔等.通过对基于U-Net结构改进的医学影像分割技术,从面向性能...     

Structural and Molecular Kinetic Features of Activities of DNA Polymerases

DNA polymerases catalyze DNA synthesis during the replication, repair, and recombination of DNA. Based on phylogenetic analysis and primary protein sequences, DNA polymerases have been categorized into seven families: A, B, C, D, X, Y, and RT. This review presents generalized data on the catalytic mechanism of action of DNA polymerases. The structural features of different DNA polymerase families are described in detail. The discussion highlights the kinetics and conformational dynamics of DNA polymerases from all known polymerase families during DNA synthesis.     

Vibration Cause Analysis and Modification of Prototype Reactor Coolant Pump

When the reactor coolant pump (RCP) was tested on test bench, the vibration amplitude was too large. The vibration exceeded the limit of specification. The frequency in spectrum of RCP vibration was mainly in low frequency range. The vibration characteristics of RCP were analyzed by finite element method. The cause of vibration from bearing and rotor was excluded by comparing the vibration characteristics and the spectrum. It was proposed that the whole test bench should be included in the vibration analysis of RCP. Considering RCP, test loop and test bench as a whole, the vibration characteristics were analyzed. By combining the data from knock test, it is concluded that the wide-band of pressure fluctuation in test loop excites the natural frequency of test bench. This conclusion was verified by low-speed operation test. On this basis modifications were proposed such as adding energy absorption damper, starting buffer tank in advance and adding vibration filter. The vibration of RCP was attenuated obviously after test restarting.     

喷射泵设计计算公式的改进

本文对Petrie等人发表的喷射泵设计计算公式进行了探讨,改正了其中一些公式在参数使用上的混乱,计算了地层产液在泵的进口流道中的损失。按照修改的公式计算,泵的最高理论效率可接近于40%。本文还建议,应以系统的综合效率而不是泵本身的效率作为设计计算的准则。     

新构造活动对松辽盆地含油气系统的影响

通过对新构造活动的研究以辽盆地第三系地层构造变表的椭球体应变分析，发现在老第三系地层沉积中晚期，挤压应力方向发展了由南北到近东西向的变化；表现出地层分布局限、充填碎屑粗、隆起剥蚀区可作为物源区等特点；明末后的压陷盆地沉积过程，为松辽盆地中浅层形成构造并不断壮大的过程，为油气的聚集提供了良好的圈闭，压陷盆地的沉积为中浅层生烃高峰期也有利于油气的保存，挤压力方向的改变导致了中浅层不同方向的老断层开启，开辟了多方位的油气运移的通道；进而实现了油气的生成、运移、聚集和保存的良好匹配。     

圈闭要素计算方法及应用效果

断块油田的油气聚集和分布,在很大程度上受各种类型的断层所控制。这种油田具有构造面貌复杂、含油层系多、油水关系复杂、含油丰度差别大等特点,给油气勘探和开发造成了许多困难和不便。目前,有关断块构造圈闭的统计尚无统一标准。以往所用的取值方法是沿用背斜圈闭的要素统计方法,不能适用于复杂的断块构造圈闭。本文以断层圈闭特点为基础,以影响圈闭性能的各种因素间的函数关系为依据,提出了具有较厚盖层和储层地区的断层圈闭要素的计算方法。将此法应用于东濮凹陷,取得了较高精度的含油圈闭面积。     

可实现空间取放作业的4自由度并联机器人机构综合

本论文旨在解决非过约束4自由度并联机构综合这一机构学难题。本文在总结已有的4自由度并联机器人综合结果的基础上,结合运动子群的概念和螺旋理论的方法,技术性地解决了约束数目和支链数目之间存在的矛盾。利用解析的手段给出了一套全新的非过约束对称4自由度并联机构设计方法。定义了一系列便于综合该机构的概念,分析了该类机构必须具有的拓扑结构,得出两种类型的该类并联机构。给出了满足设计条件的运动副组成情况及空间装配条件,最后给出了典型机构的设计范例。     

转炉冶炼65钢生产实践

介绍了安钢100t转炉生产65钢的工艺技术及冶炼效果,分析了转炉生产中、高碳钢的技术要点及影响因素。通过采取相应的技术措施确保了产品质量。     

莫斯科中国贸易中心工程防止结构连续倒塌设计

建筑抗倒塌问题近年来在欧美国家得到广泛关注。结合莫斯科中国贸易中心工程的防止结构连续倒塌设计,比较了国外一些相关设计规范和标准之间的相互关系,提出满足俄罗斯规范要求的防止连续倒塌设计计算方法,并将其与正常情况下的结构计算进行比较,找出其中带规律性的问题。     

AlphaFold2: A Role for Disordered Protein/Region Prediction?

The development of AlphaFold2 marked a paradigm-shift in the structural biology community. Herein, we assess the ability of AlphaFold2 to predict disordered regions against traditional sequence-based disorder predictors. We find that AlphaFold2 performs well at discriminating disordered regions, but also note that the disorder predictor one constructs from an AlphaFold2 structure determines accuracy. In particular, a naïve, but non-trivial assumption that residues assigned to helices, strands, and H-bond stabilized turns are likely ordered and all other residues are disordered results in a dramatic overestimation in disorder; conversely, the predicted local distance difference test (pLDDT) provides an excellent measure of residue-wise disorder. Furthermore, by employing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we note an interesting relationship between the pLDDT and secondary structure, that may explain our observations and suggests a broader application of the pLDDT for characterizing the local dynamics of intrinsically disordered proteins and regions (IDPs/IDRs).