Effect of postmolding heat treatment on in vitro properties of a polyanhydride implant containing gentamicin sulfate

A polyanhydride implant containing gentamicin sulfate was fabricated using a laboratory-scale injection-molding machine. After injection molding, the implants were subject to heat treatment at 60°C for various time periods with or without nitrogen protection. The impact of this heat treatment on the in vitro properties of the implants including copolymer molecular weights, mechanical properties, and in vitro drug-release profiles was investigated. This heat treatment caused a drastic drop in the molecular weight of the copolymer. Heating without nitrogen protection resulted in the hardening of the implant, but heating in the presence of nitrogen rendered the implant less rigid. It was also found that a faster in vitro drug release profile was shown by implants heated without nitrogen protection and a pronounced slowing down in drug release was exhibited by implants heated with nitrogen protection.     

硫酸钾尾液冷冻回收高硫钾比矿物工艺研究

以硫酸钾尾液为原料,研究低温冷冻回收高硫钾比矿物合理的工艺技术路线,探寻适宜的贮存条件,为加工车间夏季高温生产硫酸钾提供优质高硫钾比原料.在低温下进行冷冻试验,根据冷冻结晶矿物产率及其干基组分确定适宜的冷冻温度为-15～5℃,冷冻制得的结晶矿物硫钾比均在3.0～5.1,符合夏季生产硫酸钾所需原料硫钾比>2.5的要求.高...     

Coating of TiO2 nanoparticles with PbS thin films and preparation of PbS nanoparticles using a one-pot sonochemical reaction under the multibubble sonoluminescence conditions

Preparations of PbS-coated titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and lead sulfide (PbS) nanoparticles under ultrasonic field at the multibubble sonoluminescence (MBSL) conditions were tested in water solutions. Under the optimal MBSL conditions (20 kHz and 220 W power input), PbS nanoparticles (diameter = 40-50 nm) were prepared by treating lead nitrate and thioacetamide for 20 min in water solutions. The size of PbS nanoparticles was found to be easily increased to about 90 nm in diameter by increasing the reactant concentration twice. A similar sonochemical reaction with TiO₂ nanoparticles (about 20-30 nm in diameter) gave rise to PbS-coated TiO₂ nanoparticles with a core/shell structure. The PbS thin film coating was quite uniform and the average coating depth of PbS on the TiO₂ nanoparticles was about 2-3 nm under the described conditions. It is interesting to note that the coating depth was found to be controlled to 2-10 nm range by increasing the amounts of reactants for Pb and S twice with a sonication time of 30 min.     

Experimental Studies on Elimination of Microbial Contamination by Hydroxyl Radicals Produced by Strong Ionization Discharge

Using fogdrops of OH^· radicals to eliminate microbial contamination is an effective way to solve the current domestic and international problem. The results show that the threshold of OH solution used in the experiment is 0.6 mg/L, the lethal time is 1 s, and the spray density of OH solution is 21 μL/m^2. The experimental results show that the OH radical possesses the following advantages： celerity, low lethal concentration and spray density, short lethal time, and absence of secondary pollution.     

The Role of Heparan Sulfate in CCL26-Induced Eosinophil Chemotaxis

Proinflammatory chemokine ligand 26 (CCL26, eotaxin-3) mediates transendothelial cell migration of eosinophils by binding and activating the G-protein-coupled (GPC) chemokine receptor 3 on the surface of eosinophilic cells. Here we have investigated the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) as potential co-receptors in the process of CCL26-induced eosinophil chemotaxis. For this purpose, we have first identified the GAG-binding site of CCL26 by a site-directed mutagenesis approach in the form of an alanine screening. A panel of GAG-binding-deficient mutants has been designed, generated, and analyzed with respect to their binding affinities to heparan sulphate (HS) by isothermal fluorescence titration studies. This showed that basic amino acids in the α-helical part of CCL26 are strongly involved in GAG-binding. In chemotaxis experiments, we found that decreased GAG-binding affinity correlated with decreased chemotactic activity, which indicates an involvement of GAGs in eosinophil migration. This was further proven by the negative impact of heparinase III treatment and, independently, by the incubation of eosinophils with an anti heparan sulfate antibody. We finally investigated eosinophils’ proteoglycan (PG) expression patterns by real-time PCR, which revealed the highest expression level for serglycin. Including an anti-serglycin antibody in CCL26-induced eosinophil migration experiments reduced the chemotaxis of these immune cells, thereby proving the dependence of eosinophil mobilization on the proteoglycan serglycin.     

SO_4~（2－）／ZrO_2超强酸催化剂的结构表征

用ＢＥＴ法分析了制备条件对ＳＯ＿４￣（２－）／ＺｒＯ＿２超强酸催化剂的比表面和孔结构的影响，用ＳＥＭ观察了催化剂的表面形貌。结果表明，引人ＳＯ＿４￣（２－）后催化剂的比表面和比表面的热稳定性都增大了，在Ｈ＿２ＳＯ＿４浓度为１．０ｍｏｌ／１和焙烧温度约７７３Ｋ时催化剂的比表面较大。制备Ｚｒ（ＯＨ）＿４时用浓氨水得到的催化剂的比表面、平均孔径和孔体积都较大。ＳＯ＿４￣（２－）／ＺｒＯ＿２催化剂的孔为平均孔径３－５ｎｍ的中孔。ＳＥＭ结果表明，ＳＯ＿４￣（２－）／ＺｒＯ＿２催化剂的表面为很不平整的蜂窝状。     

Sulfated Hyaluronan Binds to Heparanase and Blocks Its Enzymatic and Cellular Actions in Carcinoma Cells

We examined whether sulfated hyaluronan exerts inhibitory effects on enzymatic and biological actions of heparanase, a sole endo-beta-glucuronidase implicated in cancer malignancy and inflammation. Degradation of heparan sulfate by human and mouse heparanase was inhibited by sulfated hyaluronan. In particular, high-sulfated hyaluronan modified with approximately 2.5 sulfate groups per disaccharide unit effectively inhibited the enzymatic activity at a lower concentration than heparin. Human and mouse heparanase bound to immobilized sulfated hyaluronan. Invasion of heparanase-positive colon-26 cells and 4T1 cells under 3D culture conditions was significantly suppressed in the presence of high-sulfated hyaluronan. Heparanase-induced release of CCL2 from colon-26 cells was suppressed in the presence of sulfated hyaluronan via blocking of cell surface binding and subsequent intracellular NF-κB-dependent signaling. The inhibitory effect of sulfated hyaluronan is likely due to competitive binding to the heparanase molecule, which antagonizes the heparanase-substrate interaction. Fragment molecular orbital calculation revealed a strong binding of sulfated hyaluronan tetrasaccharide to the heparanase molecule based on electrostatic interactions, particularly characterized by interactions of (−1)- and (−2)-positioned sulfated sugar residues with basic amino acid residues composing the heparin-binding domain-1 of heparanase. These results propose a relevance for sulfated hyaluronan in the blocking of heparanase-mediated enzymatic and cellular actions.     

Acute T-Cell-Driven Inflammation Requires the Endoglycosidase Heparanase-1 from Multiple Cell Types

It has been accepted for decades that T lymphocytes and metastasising tumour cells traverse basement membranes (BM) by deploying a battery of degradative enzymes, particularly proteases. However, since many redundant proteases can solubilise BM it has been difficult to prove that proteases aid cell migration, particularly in vivo. Recent studies also suggest that other mechanisms allow BM passage of cells. To resolve this issue we exploited heparanase-1 (HPSE-1), the only endoglycosidase in mammals that digests heparan sulfate (HS), a major constituent of BM. Initially we examined the effect of HPSE-1 deficiency on a well-characterised adoptive transfer model of T-cell-mediated inflammation. We found that total elimination of HPSE-1 from this system resulted in a drastic reduction in tissue injury and loss of target HS. Subsequent studies showed that the source of HPSE-1 in the transferred T cells was predominantly activated CD4⁺ T cells. Based on bone marrow chimeras, two cellular sources of HPSE-1 were identified in T cell recipients, one being haematopoiesis dependent and the other radiation resistant. Collectively our findings unequivocally demonstrate that an acute T-cell-initiated inflammatory response is HPSE-1 dependent and is reliant on HPSE-1 from at least three different cell types.     

APT废水中氨氮的测定

APT废水中氨氮主要以铵盐的形式存在,采用蒸馏滴定法测定其氨氮的总量,方法以20 g/L硼酸溶液为吸收液,吸收蒸馏出的NH3,用甲基红--亚甲基蓝为指示剂,硫酸标准溶液滴定.方法的标准平均偏差为1.9%,回收率为99%～105%.     

矿井火区典型可燃气体对甲烷化学动力学的影响分析

为研究多元混合气体对CH₄爆炸过程的影响,选取矿井火区典型可燃气体CH₄、C₂H₆、C₂H₄、CO、H₂,利用CHEMKIN软件模拟分析了不同组分C₂H₆/C₂H₄/CO/H₂瓦斯混合气体爆炸反应过程。研究结果表明：随着混合气体组分中各可燃气体体积分数的增大,CH₄的爆炸压力和温度不断增高,CH₄体积分数和O₂体积分数迅速下降,点火延迟时间明显缩短;在爆炸产生的有毒有害气体中,CO的体积分数最高;H^*、OH^*自由基的体积分数持续增大,O^*自由基呈现先增大后减小的趋势。敏感性分析发现促进自由基生成的反应步主要是R38(H+O₂$ \\rightleftharpoons $O+OH)和R119(HO₂+CH₃$ \\rightleftharpoons $OH+CH₃O),抑制其生成的主要反应步为R98(OH+CH₄$ \\rightleftharpoons $CH₃+H₂O)和R53(H+CH₄$ \\rightleftharpoons $CH₃+H₂)。