混凝土硫酸盐腐蚀的力学性能和微观结构研究

以内掺复合掺合料、中砂、细石、普通硅酸盐水泥以及抗硫水泥制成的细石高性能混凝土作为研究对象,在硫酸盐溶液中进行一百次干湿循环后,以抗折强度和抗压强度的变化来说明硫酸盐侵蚀对混凝土耐久性的影响,并通过对混凝土SEM形貌分析,从微观结构角度说明掺加矿物掺和料能够与水泥水化物中的不利成分Ca( OH)2发生二次水化反应,生成...     

混凝土电通量与抗蚀系数及抗盐结晶侵蚀系数的相关性分析

通过对多元矿物掺合料、引气剂及聚丙烯纤维复掺混凝土的耐久性试验研究,分析“控制pH值流动循环溶液侵蚀”和“不控制pH值静止溶液侵蚀”两种侵蚀方法下混凝土的抗硫酸盐侵蚀及抗于湿循环性能.试验结果表明多元矿物掺合料复掺对混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀及抗干湿循环性能有良好的改善效果;在某一范围内,混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀及抗干湿循环性能随引...     

Simultaneous degradation of disinfection byproducts and earthy-musty odorants by the UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation process

Advanced treatment technologies that control multiple contaminants are beneficial to drinking water treatment. This research applied UV/H₂O₂ for the simultaneous degradation of geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol, four trihalomethanes and six haloacetic acids. Experiments were conducted in de-ionized water at 24 ± 1.0 °C with ng/L amounts of odorants and μg/L amounts of disinfection byproducts. UV was applied with and without 6 mg/L H₂O_2. The results demonstrated that brominated trihalomethanes and brominated haloacetic acids were degraded to a greater extent than geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol. Tribromomethane and dibromochloromethane were degraded by 99% and 80% respectively at the UV dose of 1200 mJ/cm² with 6 mg/L H₂O₂, whereas 90% of the geosmin and 60% of the 2-methylisoborneol were removed. Tribromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid were degraded by 99% and 80% respectively under the same conditions. Concentrations of trichloromethane and chlorinated haloacetic acids were not substantially reduced under these conditions and were not effectively removed at doses designed to remove geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol. Brominated compounds were degraded primarily by direct photolysis and cleavage of the C-Br bond with pseudo first order rate constants ranging from 10⁻³ to 10⁻² s⁻¹. Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol were primarily degraded by reaction with hydroxyl radical with direct photolysis as a minor factor. Perchlorinated disinfection byproducts were degraded by reaction with hydroxyl radicals. These results indicate that the UV/H₂O₂ can be applied to effectively control both odorants and brominated disinfection byproducts.     

煤矿硫化氢气体成因类型探讨

在对国内外硫化氢成因研究及同位素研究分析对比的基础上,提出了煤矿硫化氢形成的硫酸盐生物还原（BSR）、热化学硫酸盐还原（TSR）和岩浆作用三大成因类型及其识别特征。对煤层H2S生物化学降解及热解成因进行了讨论,分析了煤层H2S的富集规律,并对国内外一些H2S矿井的成因类型进行了分析归类,提出了煤岩层H2S气体的研究方向。     

硫酸钠对不同强度混凝土性能的影响差异

为了探讨硫酸钠对不同强度混凝土性能的影响差异,研究了硫酸钠在不同掺量条件下对C 30和C 50混凝土工作性和抗压强度的影响。研究结果表明,硫酸钠对不同强度等级混凝土工作性能与抗压强度的影响规律并不一致。硫酸钠对低强度等级混凝土的出机坍落度和扩展度的影响较小,但会明显降低高强度等级新拌混凝土的工作性能;硫酸钠对混凝土具有一定的早强效果,对低强度等级混凝土的中后期抗压强度具有一定的增强效果,但会降低高强度等级混凝土的中后期强度。     

2021—2035年全球硫酸镍供需形势分析

硫酸镍主要用于生产新能源汽车动力电池,是镍产业链上的关键一环。近年来,全球硫酸镍供需格局发生重大变化,亟需系统梳理全球硫酸镍消费状况,分析硫酸镍各下游产业发展趋势,预测未来需求,研判全球硫酸镍供应态势,支撑新能源汽车产业可持续发展。经过分析研究,本文根据不同类型动力电池发展趋势,设置了硫酸镍需求的三种可能情景:(1)参考情景下,全球硫酸镍需求将由64万t增长至367万t,较当前增长近473%;(2)高镍情景下,全球硫酸镍需求将由64万t增长至579万t,较当前增长近804%;(3)低镍情景下,全球硫酸镍需求将由64万t增长至212万t,较当前增长231%。供应方面,本文认为由于生产技术突破,全球硫酸镍供应格局将发生重大变化:硫酸镍生产原料将由当前的以硫化镍矿为主转变为以红土镍矿为主的格局,冶炼方法主要为湿法冶炼和火法冶炼两种,硫酸镍原材料供应由以加拿大、俄罗斯、澳大利亚为主转为以印度尼西亚、菲律宾等红土镍矿丰富的国家为主的格局。基于全球硫酸镍格局变化,建议国内相关企业加速开展海外红土型镍矿-硫酸镍生产线投资,抢占市场先机。     

大黄属三种植物不同部分提取物清除羟基自由基的体外实验研究

利用Fenton反应产生的羟基自由基，采用比色法对大黄属药用植物：唐古特大黄，波叶大黄，穗序大黄不同部分提取液清除羟基自由基的活性进行了研究。结果表明：三种植物不同部分的提取液均有一定的清除羟基自由基的能力，清除能力因种，植株部分和提取方法的不同而异。三种植物中清除率最高的部分分别是：唐古特大黄根及根茎的水提液，为79．0％；波叶大黄叶片的乙醇提取液，为84．5％，穗序大黄叶片水提液和叶柄的乙醇提取液，分别为70．1％和70．7％，正品大黄植株地下部分清除率较非正品高，但地上部分清除率却低于非正品。     

PMS/Fe0体系中自由基产率比及莠去津降解动力学

针对水体中存在的难降解农药莠去津（ATZ）污染问题,提出零价铁活化过氧单硫酸盐（PMS/Fe⁰）降解水中的ATZ,研究不同工艺参数（溶液pH、PMS投加量、Fe⁰投加量、ATZ初始浓度）条件下ATZ的降解动力学。采用硝基苯（NB）和ATZ竞争实验的方法,原位鉴定PMS/Fe⁰体系的自由基种类,并进一步基于稳态假设定量推导得到自由基产率比的公式。最后,研究了模拟地下水条件下PMS/Fe⁰对ATZ的降解规律。结果表明：ATZ降解的假一级速率常数(k_obs),随pH的增加而降低,随ATZ初始浓度的增加而降低,随Fe⁰投量增加而增加,随PMS的投量先增加后降低,在PMS投量为25μmol/L时最大。NB和ATZ的竞争实验结果表明,PMS/Fe⁰体系中的活性物种为硫酸根自由基（SO^-₄·）和羟基自由基（·OH）,且两种自由基的产率比为10.5∶1。在模拟地下水条件下,Fe⁰和PM...     

Research on the performances of VPEG macromonomer grafted different functional groups to prepare polycarboxylate superplasticizers

The advent of novel polyether macromonomer has garnered significant attention within the industrial domain. In this study, a range of polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCEs) was produced via free radical polymerization, employing a new polyether monomer, 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl polyethylene glycol ether (VPEG). This monomer served as the predominant component and was grafted with various functional monomers on its main chain. The molecular configuration of the resultant PCEs was discerned through Fourier infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography, while the surface tension underwent assessment via a surface tension meter. Both the initial and subsequent fluidity of cement paste and mortar were leveraged to ascertain the dispersion and retention efficacy of the synthetic PCEs. The ramifications of diverse functional group grafts of the new polyether monomer on the cement hydration procedure and strength attributes were elucidated via setting time, hydration heat assays of cement paste, SEM analysis, and compressive strength evaluations of mortar. Observations reveal that the carboxylic acid group significantly reduces surface tension, whereas the sulfonic acid group's effect remains minimal. The incorporation of both the amide and sulfonic acid groups marginally impacts the preliminary dispersion efficacy of PCEs but notably affects dispersion retention. Furthermore, these functional groups facilitate cement hydration, expedite the primary setting time of the cement paste, and bolster the initial compressive strength of the mortar. Specifically, the grafted of sodium methacrylsulfonate (SMAS) yields the most noticeable results. Finally, the working mechanism of PCEs with varying molecular structures has been explained in light both theoretical and experimental results. This research offers valuable insights for subsequent investigations into the fabrication of polycarboxylate superplasticizers using the VPEG macromonomer.     

紫花地丁中芹菜素提取和清除自由基活性研究

为充分利用与开发紫花地丁资源,本文采用乙醇提取紫花地丁中芹菜素苷,经溶剂萃取和D-101大孔树脂吸附与分离,用酸水解后乙醚溶解和丙酮重结晶得到芹菜素.采用化学发光法研究了紫花地丁中芹菜素清除O-2.和.OH活性.实验结果表明,D-101树脂对紫花地丁芹菜素静态交换容量是30.2 mg/g,树脂吸附率为75.2%.经分离纯化的紫花地丁芹菜素对清除O-2.和.OH均有一定效果:当芹菜素浓度为4μg/mL时,其清除O-2·率为43.4%,且清除效果比Vc、VE都强;芹菜素浓度为9μg/mL时,清除.OH率为22.45%,其清除效果比Vc差,但比VE好.