两种粗提纯法对纤溶酶纯化效果的比较研究

采用硫酸铵盐析法及乙醇沉淀法对海洋枯草芽孢杆菌纤溶酶的纯化效果进行比较研究,得到的最佳纯化方案为：取一定体积的纤溶酶发酵液进行预处理,再进行分段盐析及分级沉淀,在分段盐析中,30％和70％饱和度的硫酸铵分别用于去除杂蛋白和沉淀纤溶酶,最后进行碱处理及超滤除盐;在分级沉淀中,最佳乙醇沉淀时间为1.5h,去除杂蛋白和沉淀纤溶酶的乙醇体积比分别为25％和165％,最后将两种方法得到的粗提液进行冷冻干燥,硫酸铵法的酶活回收率为83.52％,纯化倍数为1.42,冻干粉得率为4.812 g/L,单位酶活为76 755.82IU/g;乙醇纯沉淀法的酶活回收率为89.7％,纯化倍数为1.72,冻干粉得率为7.611 g/L,单位酶活为137 190.57 IU/g,该结果表明乙醇沉淀法对纤溶酶的粗提效果要优于硫酸铵盐析法.     

藏东南产区苹果表皮及根际土壤微生物多样性研究

为了探究藏东南产区苹果表皮及根际土壤微生物群落结构组成,利用高通量测序技术对苹果表皮及根际土壤微生物的群落结构与多样性进行研究,并对优势微生物菌属进行关联性分析。结果表明,苹果表皮样品分别获得554个细菌操作分类单元（OTUs）、612个真菌OTUs,根际土壤样品分别获得1 717个细菌OTUs、1 371个真菌OTUs,根际土壤样品细菌和真菌的多样性、丰富度均高于苹果表皮,且同一样品中细菌群落多样性和丰富度高于真菌。在属分类水平上,苹果表皮和根际土壤的主要优势细菌属均为节杆菌属（Arthrobacter）,其相对丰度分别为13.06%和5.53%,外囊菌属（Taphrina）和被孢霉属（Mortierella）分别是苹果表皮和根际土壤样品的主要优势真菌属,其相对丰度分别为41.07%和7.62%。优势细菌属和优势真菌属关联性分析结果表明真菌与细菌间存在显著的互作关系。     

聚合磷硫酸铁制备及净化含铅废水的试验研究

以钛白粉副产品绿矾为主要原料,氯酸钠作氧化剂,调节亚铁离子与硫酸根离子之间摩尔比后微波作用仅几分钟就能合成出液体聚合硫酸铁,并在此基础上加入磷酸根离子可得到所需絮凝剂--聚合磷硫酸铁;试验了该絮凝剂最佳合成工艺条件;采用该试剂净化含铅废水,取得了较好去除效果,并且探讨了除铅最佳试验条件.     

纸浆漂白用二氧化氯制备工艺酸性芒硝处理技术

介绍了纸浆漂白用二氧化氯制备工艺酸性芒硝处理技术的原理、工艺流程及工艺条件的选择,从物料消耗、副产品生成及经济效益上进行了分析,表明与R8法二氧化氯制备装置相比,中性芒硝法工艺更值得推广应用。     

小麦/玉米垄沟套作条件下施肥部位对土壤水氮分布的影响--测试文章

通过旱棚小车模拟小麦/玉米垄沟套作种植试验,研究了3种不同垄沟部位（垄顶、垄底和沟中）施肥对小麦/玉米生长和产量及土壤水氮分布的影响。结果表明：相同灌水条件下,施肥部位对垄沟套作水分分布影响不显著,但土壤硝态氮的分布差异较大; 垄顶施肥和垄底施肥处理下,由于水肥异区,其垄上小麦生长带的硝态氮主要分布在0～30 cm土层,有效地减少了硝态氮向土壤深层淋溶,而后期沟内玉米生长带的水氮处理相同,因此其硝态氮分布差异较小; 在相同灌水条件下,垄沟套作可以有效降低水分流失,减少氮肥损失,因此较传统平作更有利于作物生长,提高小麦、玉米的产量,且以垄顶施肥和垄底施肥效果最显著,小麦产量较平作分别增加11.47%、10.81%,玉米产量较平作分别增加18.87%、22.70%。     

The methionine precursor dl-2-hydroxy-(4-methylthio)butanoic acid protects intestinal epithelial barrier function

dl-2-hydroxy-(4-methylthio)butanoic acid (HMTBA) is a source of dietary methionine (Met) that is widely used in poultry nutrition. We have previously shown that HMTBA is preferentially diverted to the transsulfuration pathway, which gives antioxidant metabolites such as taurine and glutathione. Therefore, here we hypothesize that this Met source can protect epithelial barrier function in an in vitro model of intestinal inflammation of Caco-2 cells. The results show that HMTBA prevents the increase in paracellular permeability induced by H₂O₂ or tumour necrosis factor-α. This effect can be attributed to the increased production of taurine and reduced glutathione. Similar results were obtained for dl-Met, although the protective role of the amino acid was less pronounced than that of the hydroxy analogue. In conclusion, the diversion to the transsulfuration pathway means that this Met precursor is of greater value than previously thought, due to its capacity to improve intestinal homeostasis and the quality of poultry products destined for human consumption.     

Yogurt starter cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus ameliorate symptoms and modulate the immune response in a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis

We investigated the yogurt starter cultures of Lactobacillus bulgaricus 151 and Streptococcus thermophilus MK-10 for their effect on the severity of experimental colitis, lymphocyte profile, and regulatory T-cell response. Colitis was induced in BALB/c mice via the administration of 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) in drinking water for 6 d. Next, the mice were gavaged intragastrically with an active yogurt cultures (YC) mixture (～5 × 10⁹ cfu/mouse per day) or saline (vehicle) for 8 d. Mice receiving DSS or saline alone served as positive and negative controls, respectively. The length of the colon, disease activity index, histological scores, myeloperoxidase activity, epithelium-associated microbes, short-chain fatty acid profile, total IgA antibody-forming cells, CD3⁺CD8⁺, CD3⁺CD4⁺, CD3⁺CD4⁺CD25⁺, CD3⁺CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ T-cell subsets, and cytokine profiles (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γ, and tumor necrosis factor) were examined after termination of the mice. Feeding mice with YC mixture reduced disease symptoms and modified intestinal microbiota and host inflammatory responsiveness to DSS. We observed limited weight loss and a decreased disease activity index score, lowered myeloperoxidase activity, and somewhat reduced damage of the intestine. The YC mixture upregulated the colon length, increased the amount and diversity of mucosa-associated microbes (enterobacteria, enterococci, and yeast), and decreased the concentration of putrefactive short-chain fatty acids in the cecal contents. It downregulated the input of cytotoxic CD3⁺CD8⁺ T cells and CD3⁺CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ regulatory T cells in Peyer's patches and enhanced CD3⁺CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells in spleens and CD3⁺CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Simultaneously, IgA antibody-forming cells were downregulated in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and enhanced in spleens (SPL). The cultures mostly enhanced the production of cytokines tested in MLN and SPL, except for IL-6, which was downregulated in MLN. Interleukin-2 and IL-4 were the most upregulated in MLN, whereas IL-10, IL-4, IL-2, IFN-γ, and tumor necrosis factor were most upregulated in SPL. In serum, the YC mixture downregulated IFN-γ and clearly increased IL-2. Based on these results, we recognize the high anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential of the L. bulgaricus 151 and S. thermophilus MK-10 set. The strains possess the ability to modulate the intestinal mucosal and systemic immune system toward both IgA production and induction of regulatory T cells, shifting Th1/Th2 balance.     

聚合硅酸硫酸铝的絮凝性能

研究了聚合硅酸硫酸铝对高岭土悬浮液的絮凝性能.结果表明,聚合硅酸硫酸铝对高岭土悬浮液具有极好的絮聚作用,其絮凝效果与聚合硅酸硫酸铝的碱化度、加入量和高岭土悬浮液的pH值有关;其絮凝机理主要为吸附架桥与卷扫等作用.     

从含锌废渣制备饲料级一水硫酸锌

介绍了利用硫酸浸取含锌废渣 ,通空气氧化除铁 ,加稍过量锌粉置换除铜镉 ,制备主含量≥ 98% ,杂质含量符合要求的饲料级一水硫酸锌的方法。其方法具有浸出时间短、操作方便、生产成本低、杂质去除率高等优点     

我国部分典型植烟区土壤腐殖质组成特征及其与部分土壤因子的关系

分析了我国部分典型植烟区土壤腐殖质组成特征及其与部分土壤因子的关系,结果表明:(1)在所考察的典型烟叶产区中,植烟土壤腐殖质碳量集中分布在10-20 g/kg之间,平均为15.25 g/kg.胡敏酸比例、富里酸比例、胡敏素比例分别分布在11.05%-32.15%、12.00%-36.28%、38.43%-68.23%之间,胡富比值集中分布在0.7-1.3之间.(2)腐殖质碳量以东南烟区显著较高,黄淮烟区显著较低;胡富比以东南烟区显著较高,胡富比值达1.14,其它烟区土壤胡富比小于1.(3)水稻土腐殖质及组分碳量均最高,紫色土、红壤、棕壤次之,褐土最低.水稻土腐殖化程度显著较高,棕壤和红壤腐殖化程度显著较低.(4)土壤pH与腐殖质组成整体呈显著负相关关系.土壤的富里酸比例越低、胡富比越高,土壤碱解氮含量呈升高趋势.