镁盐对印染废水脱色处理研究

用镁盐对印染工业酸性染料和混合活性染料废水脱色处理。考察了pH值和镁盐添加量等对脱色效果的影响，同时将镁盐和亚铁盐的脱色效果进行了比较。实验结果表明：镁盐具有良好的脱色效果，在镁盐添加量为600mg/L，pH值11．0－11．5的条件下，脱色率达91％以上，说明镁盐是一种安全、无毒、无害的“环境友好型”绿色水处理剂。     

高温下 CaS氧化反应特性的实验研究

采用热重等温实验研究了970～1150℃内CaS的氧化反应特性,利用红外光谱仪定量分析反应析出SO2气体,通过亚甲基蓝分光光度法测定固体残留物中CaS的含量.实验研究发现,在970～1150℃内,反应呈先失重后增重趋势,固体残留物中都检测出少量CaS的存在.随温度升高,残留固体样品中CaSO4的质量百分比下降,而CaO的质量百分比上升,SO2析出速率急剧增大,1150℃下SO2的析出速率比970℃下的析出速率高了一个数量级.随O2浓度增大,残留固体样品中CaSO4的质量百分比和SO2析出速率轻微上升.降低反应温度和增大O2浓度,有利于提高CaS氧化生成CaSO4的比例.     

Modeling of solid—liquid adsorption: Effects of adsorbent loads on model parameters

The adsorption of cobalt phthalocyanine dye onto activated carbon in a continuous stirred tank adsorber was studied. The variables investigated were: adsorbent mass, adsorbent particle size and fluid flowrate. Several models based on film, pore and surface diffusion were constructed and fitted to the experimental data. Experimental results showed: (i) the increasing importance of the film mass transfer resistance for increasing adsorbent loads; (ii) the increasing importance of the surface diffusion mechanism for increasing adsorbent loads; and (iii) the better discrimination among different models for higher adsorbent loads and lower flowrate.     

The influence of sulfur dioxide on propane oxidation activity over supported platinum and palladium

Earlier studies have shown that sulfur dioxide and metal-support interaction can strongly influence propane oxidation over platinum. In particular, oxidation activity is enhanced when platinum is supported on sulfated -alumina or zirconia compared to -alumina. Therefore, it is of interest to compare the performance of palladium under the same experimental conditions. Four model catalysts were examined: Pt/-alumina, Pt/zirconia, Pd/-alumina and Pd/zirconia. The metal loading was kept at or below 0.05 wt% to emphasize changes in activity attributable to metal-support interaction. Reaction rates were measured with and without sulfur dioxide. Surface sulfation was analyzed by measuring acid strength and evaluating spectra obtained by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. In contrast to platinum, sulfation does not promote propane oxidation on Pd/-alumina, and Pd/zirconia is less active than Pd/-alumina.     

Reactive dye removal in dye/salt mixtures by nanofiltration membranes containing vinylsulphone dyes: effects of feed concentration and cross flow velocity

In this study, DS5 DK type nanofiltration membranes were tested to recycle the reactive dye bath effluents. Reactive black 5 (RB5), reactive orange 16 (RO16), reactive blue 19 (RB19) and NaCl were used in the experiments to prepare the synthetic dye and salt mixtures. Effects of feed concentration, pressure and cross flow velocity on the permeate flux and color removal were investigated. Permeate flux increased with increasing pressure for all NaCl solutions. Dye concentration had a significant effect on flux values. Under the fixed NaCl concentrations the flux decreased with increasing dye concentrations. Dye rejections greater than 99% were achieved. Permeate was almost colorless. A gel layer formed by the rejected dye on membrane surface operates as a resistance to the permeation of dyes due to complete rejection of high molecule weight dyes, especially for the low salt concentrations. The presence of salt concentration has an interesting effect on color removal. Color removal decreased with increasing salt concentration. Cross flow velocities had also a significant effect on flux values. The dye formed agglomerates at high NaCl concentrations. High cross flow velocities decreased this effect.     

Persistence of nonprotein seed amino acid s-(β-carboxyethyl)-cysteine in young leaves ofCalliandra rubescens Ecological implications

The insecticidal nonprotein amino acid S-(-carboxyethyl)-cysteine (S-CEC) is the major free amino acid in the seeds of severalCalliandra spp. where it accounts for up to 2.9 % of dry weight. Lesser amounts of other related S-containing amino acids and an array of nonprotein imino acids derived from pipecolic acid are other constituents. High concentrations of imino acids, which also show insecticidal activity, are maintained in the mature leaves, but sulfur compounds are lacking. In this study the disappearance of S-CEC from the germinating seeds and young seedlings ofC. rubescens was monitored over time. After 10 weeks, S-CEC continues to be found in high concentrations in the stems and new leaves. As young leaves mature, sulfur compounds quickly decrease in concentration. Traces of S-CEC are found in new leaves of plants up to nine months after germination. Whether high concentration of S-CEC in young leaves is due to transportation from the seed or de novo synthesis is unclear. The ecological implications are discussed.     

融熔硫磺成形方法综述

硫磺是生产硫酸的主要原料，我国从石油和天然气中回收硫及硫的成形技术正在日益发展。介绍了融熔硫磺的各种成形方法，建议国内今后应朝着水小粒法、空气小料法的成形技术发展。     

Sulfur transformation during rapid hydropyrolysis of coal under high pressure by using a continuous free fall pyrolyzer☆

The behavior of sulfur transformation during rapid hydropyrolysis of coal was investigated using a pressurized, continuous free fall pyrolyzer under the conditions of temperature ranging from 923 to 1123 K and hydrogen pressure up to 5 MPa. The yields of sulfur converted to gas, tar and char were determined, together with the analyses of sulfur form distributions in coals and chars. The results showed that the decomposition of inorganic sulfur species was affected only by the temperature, while the increases in temperature and hydrogen pressure obviously enhanced the removal of organic sulfur from coal. The extent of organic sulfur removal was proportional to the coal conversion, depending on coal type. A significant retention of gaseous sulfur products by the organic matrix of the char was observed during hydropyrolysis of a Chinese coal above 1023 K, even under the pressurized hydrogen atmosphere. The kinetic analysis indicates that the rate of organic sulfur removal from coal was 0.2th-order with respect to the hydrogen pressure, and the activation energy for total sulfur removal and organic sulfur removal is 17-26 and 13-55 kJ/mol, respectively. The low activation energies suggest that the transformation and removal of sulfur from coal might be controlled by the diffusion and/or thermodynamic equilibrium during hydropyrolysis under the pressurized conditions.     

超声波/铁-炭微电解耦合处理直接大红4BE染料废水

对超声波/铁-炭微电解耦合处理直接大红4BE染料废水进行了研究。结果表明,超声波与铁-炭微电解耦合可产生协同效应,4BE染料废水的去除率可超过90%,理论分析了协同机理。4BE染料废水的去除过程经历了快反应和慢反应两个阶段,两阶段均符合零级动力学模型,速率常数分别为3.56×10-2nmol/min和3.88×10-3nmol/min。反应主要受到溶液pH的影响,pH为2.4时有利于4BE的去除。     

中国煤中硫的分布特征研究

以“中国煤种资源数据库”为基础,结合新采集煤样,对中国不同煤田2237个煤层煤样的硫含量数据进行了统计分析,分不同时代、不同地域和不同煤种讨论了中国煤中硫的分布特征,并总结了煤中硫的分布规律.认为中国煤中硫的含量分布与成煤时代、聚煤地区密切相关.引入“储量权重”概念,按聚煤区储量加权计算,中国煤中平均硫含量为1.02%,该数值比算术平均值(1.40%)更能准确地反映中国煤中硫的含量分布.