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41.
分析了灰铸铁表层铁素体层的形成原因,综述了影响灰铸铁缸盖表面硬度的影响因素,包括生铁加入量、时效处理温度、孕育剂加入量、熔炼过热温度.通过试验验证表明,型砂含水量的增加促进气缸盖表面形成一层铁素体层,降低硬度值;生铁加入量越高,气缸盖表面硬度降低越明显. 相似文献
42.
WANG Ming-xing PANG Jin-hui LIU Zhi-yong LIU Zhong-xia SONG Tian-fu YANG Sheng 《中国有色金属学会会刊》2010,20(6):950-957
The effects of superheating temperature on the grain refining efficiency of Ti existing in electrolytic low-titanium aluminum (ELTA) without and with the Al-4B addition and the Al-5Ti-1B master alloy in pure Al were comparatively investigated. The results show that the Ti existing in ELTA without Al-4B addition exhibits a certain grain refining efficiency when the melt superheating temperature is lower, but the efficiency decreases rapidly when the superheating temperature is higher. The grain refining efficiency of the Al-5Ti-1B master alloy is better than that of the Ti existing in ELTA without Al-4B addition at any superheating temperature, but it also decreases obviously with the increase of the superheating temperature. One important reason is that the TiB2 particles coming from the Al-5Ti-1B master alloy can settle down at the bottom of the Al melt easily when the superheating temperature is increased, thus decrease the number of the potent heterogeneous nuclei retained in the Al melt. If the Al-4B master alloy is added to the ELTA melt, the grain refining efficiency of the Ti existing in ELTA can be improved significantly, and does not decrease with the increase of the superheating temperature. This perhaps provides us a possible method to suppress the effect of the superheated melt on the microstructures of aluminum.. 相似文献
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44.
《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(7):533-542
Experimental studies were carried out on incipient boiling of sodium flowing in an electrically heated seven-pin bundle under forced convection. In the first series of experiments temperature distributions in the bundle were measured under non-boiling conditions. The measured temperature distributions agreed fairly well with the calculation by the NORMAL code. In the second series of experiments incipient-boiling (IB) phenomena were investigated, with particular reference to the IB superheat and the voiding patterns. The IB wall superheat decreased with increase in flow velocity. The observed coolant voiding was limited in the central subchannel because of the steep radial temperature gradient in the bundle. In order to describe this voiding process a two-dimensional voiding model was required. 相似文献
45.
Experimental results on electrically exploded tungsten wires at the heating rates of 1012–1013K · s–1 and their interpretation in the framework of a one-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamic model are presented. The effects of both melting and volume vaporization observed in these experiments are discussed. It is shown that superheating of solid tungsten does not take place at these heating rates (within a 10% experimental uncertainty). Some direct measurements performed in this study, and comparison of different quantities measured and calculated by the model, suggest that the volume vaporization starts close to a binodal line. 相似文献
46.
R. Balasubramanian 《International Journal of Thermophysics》2006,27(5):1494-1500
The maximum attainable temperature of superheating and the critical temperature of cesium, rubidium, and potassium are correlated using the generalized van der Waals equation of state. This study shows that the maximum attainable temperatures of superheating for liquid cesium, rubidium, and potassium are 1722, 1802, and 2039 K, respectively. The results of the determination of the maximum attainable temperatures of superheating of liquid cesium, rubidium, and potassium are in agreement with experimental data. The given study establishes that liquid cesium, rubidium, and potassium can be superheated up to temperatures of about 200 K below their critical temperatures of 1924, 2017, and 2280 K, respectively. Moreover, cesium, rubidium, and potassium have been found to obey the single-parameter law of corresponding states, with the maximum attainable reduced temperature of superheating as the thermodynamic similarity parameter. 相似文献
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初步研究了非自由表面大块单晶A1及大块晶体Pb的过热.主要介绍通过有效的方法制得试样,用DSC-7准确测量出在包覆状态下大块单晶Al及大块晶体Pb的过热度,从而得出大块晶体过热的必要条件. 相似文献
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50.
It is shown that the maximum superheat temperature ΔTmax in liquid helium I, determined under steady-state peak nucleate boiling conditions, cannot be realistically estimated from the thermodynamic limit of superheat (spinodal), as has been previously claimed. It is suggested that a more meaningful estimate of ΔTmax can be obtained from the kinetic limit of super-heat (homogeneous nucleation temperature). Experimental data on the homogeneous nucleation superheat temperature, ΔTh, in liquid helium I over an extended temperature range are presented and compared with the ΔTmax measurements of several investigators. It is pointed out that in any quantitative predictions of ΔTmax, a knowledge of ΔTh alone is not sufficient. In fact, the measured value of ΔTmax can lie either below or even above ΔTh depending on the bath temperature, conditions of the surface, and the thermophysical properties of both heater and liquid. 相似文献