Effect of phase transfer catalysts on the interfacial tension of water/toluene system

The effect on the interfacial tension of the water toluene system has been studied at 25 °C in the presence of four phase-transfer catalysts i.e. tricaprylmethyl ammonium chloride, hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, hex-adecytrimethyl ammonium bromide and hexadecyltributyl phosphonium bromide. The interfacial tension of aqueous phenol/resorcinol-toluene in the presence and absence of tricaprylmethyl ammonium chloride has also been reported. Attempt has been made to elucidate the change in volumetric rate of extraction with different catalysts for two phase reactions, on the basis of interfacial tension.     

Edge detection,three-dimensional cell boundary reconstruction and volume and surface area estimation from differential interference contrast images

Three-dimensional (3-D) cell morphology is important for the understanding of cell function and can by quantified in terms of volume and surface area. Differential interference contrast (DIC, or Nomarski) imaging can enable cell edges to be clearly visualized in unstained tissue due to the slight difference in refractive index between aqueous media and cytoplasm. DIC is affected in only one direction - the direction of the optical shear. A 1-D edge detector was used in that direction with a scale length equal to that of an in-focus edge to highlight cell boundaries. By comparison with the signal from the edge detector on an out-of-focus slice, the in-focus slices could be segmented and, after noise suppression, cell outlines obtained. A voxel paradigm was used to calculate cell volume and differential geometry was used for surface area estimation. We applied this approach to obtain 3-D dimensional information by optical sectioning of motile Amoeba proteus.     

Progress in deep-UV photoresists

Higher resolution can be achieved in lithography by decreasing the wavelength of the exposure source. However, resist material and their processing are also important when we move to a shorter wavelength lithography technology. This paper reviews the recent development and challenges of deep-UV photoresists and their processing technology.     

从长贮试验看引信零件表面处理方式选择

总结了历年长贮试验情况，分析了防腐层变化的原因，指出了引信零件在选择表面处理方式时应注意的问题。     

油酸乙二醇单酯在基础油与水界面上形成吸附膜的研究

以油酸和乙二醇为原料，在酸性催化剂作用下，用硼酸间接酯化法合成了润滑油油性油酸乙二醇单酯，用界面张力仪测定了单酯含量的矿物油的界面张力。用量小二乘法求得油中油酸乙二醇单脂的浓度与油对水界面张力关系的回归方程。依据所求的回归方程和Ｇｉｂｂｓ公式计算出油酸乙二醇单脂在油与水界面上形成吸附膜时的最低浓度。     

填料萃取塔液泛速度的计算

介绍了三种有代表性的填料萃取塔的液泛速度计算公式，并通过它们用于三种典型的液-液实验体系和两种不同填料的计算结果的比较，对这些公式的适用范围进行了讨论。     

Alkali-metal Na Adsorption and Promoted Oxidation on Si(100)2×1 Surface

The alkali-metal Na adsorption on Si(100)2×1 surface and its promoted oxidation and Si oxidegrowth have been investigated by means of thermal desorption,work function,Auger electronspectroscopy and photoemission electron spectroscopy.The experimental data showed that therewas a new state,interface electron state,near the Fermi level after the deposition of Na atoms.It wasfound that the presence of Na always caused an increase of the oxygen initial uptake whereas thepromotion of Si oxide growth was observed only at the coverage of Na greater than 0.5 ML.A newmechanism of Na-promoted Si oxide growth is suggested in this paper.     

离子注入对Cr12MoV钢表面组织结构和力学性能的影响

研究了Ｃｒ１２ＭｏＶ钢离子注入层的显微组织特征及其对表面性能的影响。结果表明，离子注入使Ｃｒ１２ＭｏＶ钢的表面硬度和耐磨性能得到显著改善，且存在着一个最佳的注入剂量，约为３×１０＾１＾７Ｎ＾＋／ｃｍ＾２左右。离了注入在Ｃｒ１２ＭｏＶ钢表面层中形成了大量细小弥散的第二相粒子，并使α－Ｆｅ晶格发生严重畸变，从而引起材料表面强化。     

基底元素表面富集与扩散阻档层

根据An－Ag系统以及An－Cu系统的扩散系数计算，提出了扩散阻挡层模型。利用这个模型对Au－Ag系统进行有关实验，得利了较好的验证。     

用小尺寸R－CT试样研究核压力容器钢断裂韧性及与Charpy试样的比较

提出了一种用双边带深侧槽的小尺寸圆形紧凑拉伸试样评定核压力容器（ＲＰＶ）钢断裂韧性的单试作试验方法，给出了用该方法测定的两个厂家生产的核压力容器用Ａ５０８ＣＬ３钢的断裂韧性参数，还与Ｃｈａｒｐｙ试样的试验结果及大尺寸标准试样的试验结果进行了比较。研究结果表明：用双边带深侧槽的小尺寸Ｒ－ＣＴ试样测得的断裂韧性值比相同恻槽深度预制疲劳裂纹Ｃｈａｒｐｙ试样的测试值更接近有效断裂韧性值，所以，用于核压力容器断裂韧性的监测是可行的。